{"id":24118,"date":"2026-07-05T19:01:30","date_gmt":"2026-07-05T11:01:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/?p=24118"},"modified":"2026-08-07T20:28:27","modified_gmt":"2026-08-07T12:28:27","slug":"14-%e6%89%98%e7%a6%8f%e8%af%8d%e6%b1%87%ef%bc%9a%e8%8d%af%e7%90%86%e5%ad%a6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/2026\/07\/05\/14-%e6%89%98%e7%a6%8f%e8%af%8d%e6%b1%87%ef%bc%9a%e8%8d%af%e7%90%86%e5%ad%a6\/","title":{"rendered":"14.\u6258\u798f\u8bcd\u6c47\uff1a\u836f\u7406\u5b66"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a<a href=\"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/2026\/07\/05\/%e6%89%98%e7%a6%8f%ef%bc%9a%e8%87%aa%e7%84%b6%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%a6%e7%bb%bc%e5%90%88%e8%af%8d%e6%b1%87%e7%9b%ae%e5%bd%95\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"23728\">\u6258\u798f\uff1a\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u7efc\u5408\u8bcd\u6c47\u76ee\u5f55<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1.\u00a0brand-name drug<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/br\u00e6nd ne\u026am dr\u028c\u0261\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u539f\u7814\u54c1\u724c\u836f\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u89e3\u6790\uff1a\u836f\u4f01\u539f\u521b\u7814\u53d1\u3001\u62e5\u6709\u4e13\u5229\u7684\u539f\u88c5\u836f\u7269\uff0c\u5e38\u548cgeneric drug\u6210\u5bf9\u51fa\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aBrand-name drugs cost far more than generics despite identical active components.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u539f\u7814\u54c1\u724c\u836f\u4ef7\u683c\u8fdc\u9ad8\u4e8e\u4eff\u5236\u836f\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u6709\u6548\u6210\u5206\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2.\u00a0patent<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8pe\u026atnt\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u836f\u54c1\u4e13\u5229\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u89e3\u6790\uff1a\u836f\u4f01\u72ec\u5360\u65b0\u836f\u751f\u4ea7\u9500\u552e\u7684\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4fdd\u62a4\u671f\u9650\uff0c\u533b\u5b66\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7c7b\u6587\u7ae0\u9ad8\u9891\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aOnce a drug\u2019s patent expires, pharmaceutical companies can produce generic copies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u836f\u54c1\u4e13\u5229\u5230\u671f\u540e\uff0c\u836f\u4f01\u5373\u53ef\u751f\u4ea7\u540c\u6b3e\u4eff\u5236\u836f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3.\u00a0bioequivalent<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02ccba\u026ao\u028a\u026a\u02c8kw\u026av\u0259l\u0259nt\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u751f\u7269\u7b49\u6548\u7684\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd(adj.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u89e3\u6790\uff1a\u4eff\u5236\u836f\u4e0e\u539f\u7814\u836f\u5438\u6536\u3001\u8840\u836f\u6d53\u5ea6\u66f2\u7ebf\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u4eff\u5236\u836f\u5ba1\u6279\u6838\u5fc3\u6807\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aAll approved generic pills must be bioequivalent to the original brand drug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u83b7\u6279\u4eff\u5236\u836f\u7247\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u539f\u7814\u54c1\u724c\u836f\u5177\u5907\u751f\u7269\u7b49\u6548\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4.\u00a0adjuvant<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8\u00e6d\u0292\u0259v\u0259nt\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u4f50\u836f\uff1b\u8f85\u52a9\u836f\u5242\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u89e3\u6790\uff1a\u8f85\u52a9\u4e3b\u836f\u589e\u5f3a\u7597\u6548\u3001\u964d\u4f4e\u523a\u6fc0\u7684\u6dfb\u52a0\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u75ab\u82d7\u3001\u6b62\u75db\u590d\u65b9\u5e38\u8003\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aThis adjuvant boosts the pain-relieving power of the primary analgesic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u8be5\u4f50\u836f\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\u4e3b\u6b62\u75db\u836f\u7684\u9547\u75db\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>5.\u00a0vehicle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8vi\u02d0\u0259kl\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u836f\u7269\u6eb6\u5a92\uff1b\u8f7d\u4f53\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u89e3\u6790\uff1a\u6eb6\u89e3\u3001\u627f\u8f7d\u6d3b\u6027\u836f\u7269\u7684\u6db2\u4f53\/\u51dd\u80f6\u57fa\u8d28\uff0c\u5916\u7528\u3001\u6ce8\u5c04\u6db2\u57fa\u7840\u672f\u8bed\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aOil acts as a safe vehicle for fat-soluble topical anti-inflammatory drugs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u6cb9\u8102\u662f\u8102\u6eb6\u6027\u5916\u7528\u6297\u708e\u836f\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u8f7d\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>6.\u00a0synergism<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8s\u026an\u0259rd\u0292\u026az\u0259m\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u534f\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u89e3\u6790\uff1a\u4e24\u836f\u5408\u7528\u603b\u7597\u6548\u8fdc\u8d85\u5355\u836f\u76f8\u52a0\uff0c\u533a\u522b\u52a8\u8bcdsynergistic\uff0c\u836f\u7406\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5fc5\u8003\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aThe synergism of two sedatives greatly increases the risk of respiratory suppression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u4e24\u79cd\u9547\u9759\u5242\u7684\u534f\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\u4f1a\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u5347\u547c\u5438\u6291\u5236\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>7.\u00a0chemical structure<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8kem\u026akl \u02c8str\u028ckt\u0283\u0259r\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u5316\u5b66\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u89e3\u6790\uff1a\u51b3\u5b9a\u836f\u7269\u80fd\u5426\u7ed3\u5408\u53d7\u4f53\u3001\u7a7f\u900f\u5c4f\u969c\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u65b0\u836f\u7814\u53d1\u8bdd\u9898\u9ad8\u9891\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aSmall changes to a drug\u2019s chemical structure can completely alter its neural effects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u836f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5fae\u5c0f\u6539\u52a8\uff0c\u4f1a\u5f7b\u5e95\u6539\u53d8\u5b83\u5bf9\u795e\u7ecf\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>8.\u00a0active ingredient<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8\u00e6kt\u026av \u026an\u02c8\u0261ri\u02d0di\u0259nt\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u6d3b\u6027\u6709\u6548\u6210\u5206\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u89e3\u6790\uff1a\u836f\u5185\u771f\u6b63\u4ea7\u751f\u6cbb\u7597\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u533a\u5206\u65e0\u836f\u6548\u8f85\u6599excipient\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aOnly the active ingredient crosses the blood-brain barrier to treat anxiety.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u53ea\u6709\u6d3b\u6027\u6709\u6548\u6210\u5206\u80fd\u7a7f\u900f\u8840\u8111\u5c4f\u969c\u6cbb\u7597\u7126\u8651\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>9.\u00a0inactive ingredient<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u026an\u02c8\u00e6kt\u026av \u026an\u02c8\u0261ri\u02d0di\u0259nt\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u975e\u6d3b\u6027\u8f85\u6599\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aFlavors, dyes and binders are all inactive ingredients with no medical effect.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u9999\u7cbe\u3001\u8272\u7d20\u3001\u9ecf\u5408\u5242\u5747\u4e3a\u65e0\u6cbb\u7597\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u975e\u6d3b\u6027\u8f85\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>10.\u00a0binder<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8ba\u026and\u0259r\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u836f\u7247\u9ecf\u5408\u5242\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u89e3\u6790\uff1a\u5c06\u836f\u7c89\u7c98\u5408\u538b\u5236\u6210\u836f\u7247\u7684\u8f85\u6599\uff0c\u836f\u5242\u5236\u5242\u57fa\u7840\u8bcd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aStarch is a cheap and widely used binder in oral tablet manufacturing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u6dc0\u7c89\u662f\u53e3\u670d\u836f\u7247\u751f\u4ea7\u4e2d\u5ec9\u4ef7\u4e14\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u9ecf\u5408\u5242\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>11.\u00a0disintegrant<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/d\u026as\u02c8\u026ant\u026a\u0261r\u0259nt\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u5d29\u89e3\u5242\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u89e3\u6790\uff1a\u836f\u7247\u8fdb\u5165\u6d88\u5316\u9053\u540e\u5feb\u901f\u5206\u89e3\u6563\u5f00\u7684\u8f85\u6599\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u5438\u6536\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aDisintegrants make regular tablets dissolve within minutes in stomach acid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u5d29\u89e3\u5242\u8ba9\u666e\u901a\u836f\u7247\u5728\u80c3\u9178\u4e2d\u6570\u5206\u949f\u5185\u5206\u89e3\u6eb6\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>12.\u00a0lubricant<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8lu\u02d0br\u026ak\u0259nt\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u6da6\u6ed1\u8f85\u6599\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u89e3\u6790\uff1a\u5236\u836f\u65f6\u51cf\u5c11\u836f\u7c89\u7c98\u8fde\u3001\u65b9\u4fbf\u538b\u7247\u7684\u6dfb\u52a0\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aMagnesium stearate is a common lubricant in capsule and tablet production.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u786c\u8102\u9178\u9541\u662f\u80f6\u56ca\u4e0e\u836f\u7247\u5236\u4f5c\u91cc\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6da6\u6ed1\u8f85\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>13.\u00a0therapeutic goal<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02cc\u03b8er\u0259\u02c8pju\u02d0t\u026ak \u0261o\u028al\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u6cbb\u7597\u76ee\u6807\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aThe main therapeutic goal of this mood stabilizer is to prevent manic episodes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u8fd9\u6b3e\u60c5\u7eea\u7a33\u5b9a\u5242\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6cbb\u7597\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u9884\u9632\u8e81\u72c2\u53d1\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>14.\u00a0maintenance dose<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8me\u026ant\u0259n\u0259ns do\u028az\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u7ef4\u6301\u5242\u91cf\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u89e3\u6790\uff1a\u8fbe\u5230\u7597\u6548\u540e\u957f\u671f\u7a33\u5b9a\u670d\u7528\u3001\u7ef4\u6301\u75c7\u72b6\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u836f\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aAfter symptom relief, doctors switch patients to a lower maintenance dose.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u75c7\u72b6\u7f13\u89e3\u540e\uff0c\u533b\u751f\u4f1a\u8ba9\u60a3\u8005\u6362\u6210\u66f4\u4f4e\u7684\u7ef4\u6301\u5242\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>15.\u00a0loading dose<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8lo\u028ad\u026a\u014b do\u028az\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u8d1f\u8377\u5242\u91cf\uff1b\u51b2\u51fb\u5242\u91cf\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u89e3\u6790\uff1a\u521d\u671f\u5927\u5242\u91cf\u5feb\u901f\u62c9\u9ad8\u8840\u836f\u6d53\u5ea6\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u8fbe\u5230\u6cbb\u7597\u7a33\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aA single high loading dose rapidly fills tissue storage of this heart medication.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u5355\u6b21\u9ad8\u8d1f\u8377\u5242\u91cf\u80fd\u5feb\u901f\u8ba9\u8fd9\u6b3e\u5fc3\u810f\u836f\u7269\u5145\u76c8\u5168\u8eab\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>16.\u00a0titration interval<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/ta\u026a\u02c8tre\u026a\u0283n \u02c8\u026ant\u0259rvl\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u8c03\u836f\u95f4\u9694\u5468\u671f\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aThe standard titration interval for antidepressants is one week between dose increases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u6297\u6291\u90c1\u836f\u6807\u51c6\u8c03\u836f\u95f4\u9694\u4e3a\u6bcf\u5468\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u6b21\u836f\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>17.\u00a0therapeutic monitoring<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02cc\u03b8er\u0259\u02c8pju\u02d0t\u026ak \u02c8m\u0251\u02d0n\u026at\u0259r\u026a\u014b\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u6cbb\u7597\u836f\u7269\u76d1\u6d4b\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u89e3\u6790\uff1a\u62bd\u8840\u68c0\u6d4b\u8840\u836f\u6d53\u5ea6\uff0c\u8c03\u6574\u5242\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u4e2d\u6bd2\u6216\u65e0\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aTherapeutic monitoring is mandatory for all drugs with narrow therapeutic windows.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u6cbb\u7597\u7a97\u72ed\u7a84\u7684\u836f\u7269\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u5f00\u5c55\u6cbb\u7597\u836f\u7269\u76d1\u6d4b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>18.\u00a0serum level<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8s\u026ar\u0259m \u02c8levl\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u8840\u6e05\u836f\u7269\u6d53\u5ea6\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aDoctors check serum level monthly to adjust epilepsy medication dosages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u533b\u751f\u6bcf\u6708\u68c0\u6d4b\u8840\u6e05\u836f\u7269\u6d53\u5ea6\uff0c\u8c03\u6574\u6297\u766b\u75eb\u836f\u5242\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>19.\u00a0tissue accumulation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8t\u026a\u0283u\u02d0 \u0259\u02cckju\u02d0mj\u0259\u02c8le\u026a\u0283n\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u7ec4\u7ec7\u836f\u7269\u84c4\u79ef\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u89e3\u6790\uff1a\u8102\u6eb6\u6027\u836f\u7269\u957f\u671f\u50a8\u5b58\u5728\u8102\u80aa\u3001\u8111\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u7f13\u6162\u91ca\u653e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aLong-term sedatives show significant tissue accumulation in brain nerve cells.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u957f\u671f\u670d\u7528\u9547\u9759\u5242\u4f1a\u5728\u8111\u795e\u7ecf\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u5927\u91cf\u84c4\u79ef\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>20.\u00a0ion channel<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8a\u026a\u0259n \u02c8t\u0283\u00e6nl\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u79bb\u5b50\u901a\u9053\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u89e3\u6790\uff1a\u795e\u7ecf\u3001\u5fc3\u808c\u7ec6\u80de\u819c\u4e0a\u836f\u7269\u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528\u9776\u70b9\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u836f\u7406\u9ad8\u9891\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aMany anticonvulsants block abnormal sodium ion channels in neurons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u591a\u6570\u6297\u60ca\u53a5\u836f\u963b\u65ad\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5f02\u5e38\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u94a0\u79bb\u5b50\u901a\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>21.\u00a0sodium channel<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8so\u028adi\u0259m \u02c8t\u0283\u00e6nl\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u94a0\u79bb\u5b50\u901a\u9053\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aLocal anesthetics bind sodium channels to stop pain signal transmission.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u5c40\u90e8\u9ebb\u9189\u836f\u7ed3\u5408\u94a0\u79bb\u5b50\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u963b\u65ad\u75db\u89c9\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u9012\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>22.\u00a0potassium channel<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/p\u0259\u02c8t\u00e6si\u0259m \u02c8t\u0283\u00e6nl\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u94be\u79bb\u5b50\u901a\u9053\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aNew antiarrhythmic drugs regulate potassium channels to stabilize heartbeat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u65b0\u578b\u6297\u5fc3\u5f8b\u5931\u5e38\u836f\u8c03\u8282\u94be\u79bb\u5b50\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u7a33\u5b9a\u5fc3\u8df3\u8282\u5f8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>23.\u00a0ligand<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8l\u026a\u0261\u0259nd\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u914d\u4f53\uff08\u836f\u7269\/\u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28\uff09\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u89e3\u6790\uff1a\u80fd\u7279\u5f02\u6027\u7ed3\u5408\u7ec6\u80de\u53d7\u4f53\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u836f\u6548\u673a\u5236\u57fa\u7840\u672f\u8bed\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aEvery psychiatric drug acts as a ligand for one or more brain receptors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u7cbe\u795e\u7c7b\u836f\u7269\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6216\u591a\u79cd\u5927\u8111\u53d7\u4f53\u7684\u914d\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>24.\u00a0binding affinity<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8ba\u026and\u026a\u014b \u0259\u02c8f\u026an\u0259ti\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u53d7\u4f53\u7ed3\u5408\u4eb2\u548c\u529b\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u89e3\u6790\uff1a\u836f\u7269\u4e0e\u53d7\u4f53\u8d34\u5408\u7262\u56fa\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4eb2\u548c\u529b\u8d8a\u9ad8\u836f\u6548\u8d8a\u5f3a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aThis new antipsychotic has extremely high binding affinity for dopamine D2 receptors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u8fd9\u6b3e\u65b0\u578b\u6297\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u836f\u5bf9\u591a\u5df4\u80faD2\u53d7\u4f53\u7ed3\u5408\u4eb2\u548c\u529b\u6781\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>25.\u00a0intrinsic activity<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u026an\u02c8tr\u026ans\u026ak \u00e6k\u02c8t\u026av\u0259ti\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u5185\u5728\u6d3b\u6027\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u89e3\u6790\uff1a\u836f\u7269\u7ed3\u5408\u53d7\u4f53\u540e\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7ec6\u80de\u4ea7\u751f\u751f\u7406\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u6fc0\u52a8\u5242\/\u62ee\u6297\u5242\u533a\u5206\u6838\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aFull agonists have maximum intrinsic activity to fully activate target receptors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u5b8c\u5168\u6fc0\u52a8\u5242\u62e5\u6709\u6700\u5927\u5185\u5728\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u5f7b\u5e95\u6fc0\u6d3b\u9776\u5411\u53d7\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>26.\u00a0full agonist<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/f\u028al \u02c8\u00e6\u0261\u0259n\u026ast\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u5b8c\u5168\u6fc0\u52a8\u5242\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aMorphine is a full agonist of the brain opioid pain receptors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u5417\u5561\u662f\u5927\u8111\u963f\u7247\u7c7b\u75bc\u75db\u53d7\u4f53\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u6fc0\u52a8\u5242\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>27.\u00a0partial agonist<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8p\u0251\u02d0r\u0283l \u02c8\u00e6\u0261\u0259n\u026ast\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u90e8\u5206\u6fc0\u52a8\u5242\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u89e3\u6790\uff1a\u7ed3\u5408\u53d7\u4f53\u4ec5\u4ea7\u751f\u5fae\u5f31\u6fc0\u6d3b\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u66f4\u4f4e\uff0c\u65b0\u578b\u7cbe\u795e\u836f\u5e38\u8003\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aPartial agonist antidepressants reduce overdose risk compared to full agonists.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u76f8\u6bd4\u5b8c\u5168\u6fc0\u52a8\u5242\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u6fc0\u52a8\u5242\u7c7b\u6297\u6291\u90c1\u836f\u8fc7\u91cf\u98ce\u9669\u66f4\u4f4e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>28.\u00a0inverse agonist<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8\u026anv\u025c\u02d0rs \u02c8\u00e6\u0261\u0259n\u026ast\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u53cd\u5411\u6fc0\u52a8\u5242\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u89e3\u6790\uff1a\u7ed3\u5408\u53d7\u4f53\u540e\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0e\u5929\u7136\u9012\u8d28\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u751f\u7406\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aInverse agonists lower overactive receptor signaling in anxiety disorders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u53cd\u5411\u6fc0\u52a8\u5242\u53ef\u964d\u4f4e\u7126\u8651\u75c7\u4e2d\u8fc7\u5ea6\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u53d7\u4f53\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>29.\u00a0competitive antagonist<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/k\u0259m\u02c8pet\u0259t\u026av \u00e6n\u02c8t\u00e6\u0261\u0259n\u026ast\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u7ade\u4e89\u6027\u62ee\u6297\u5242\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u89e3\u6790\uff1a\u53ef\u9006\u62a2\u5360\u53d7\u4f53\u4f4d\u70b9\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u836f\u7269\u5242\u91cf\u53ef\u9006\u8f6c\u963b\u65ad\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aNaloxone is a competitive antagonist that reverses opioid overdose instantly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u7eb3\u6d1b\u916e\u662f\u7ade\u4e89\u6027\u62ee\u6297\u5242\uff0c\u53ef\u7acb\u523b\u9006\u8f6c\u963f\u7247\u7c7b\u836f\u7269\u8fc7\u91cf\u4e2d\u6bd2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>30.\u00a0noncompetitive antagonist<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02ccn\u0251\u02d0nk\u0259m\u02c8pet\u0259t\u026av \u00e6n\u02c8t\u00e6\u0261\u0259n\u026ast\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u975e\u7ade\u4e89\u6027\u62ee\u6297\u5242\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u89e3\u6790\uff1a\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u7ed3\u5408\u53d7\u4f53\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u6fc0\u52a8\u5242\u5242\u91cf\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u6062\u590d\u6d3b\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aNoncompetitive antagonists produce long-lasting receptor blockage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u975e\u7ade\u4e89\u6027\u62ee\u6297\u5242\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u957f\u6548\u7684\u53d7\u4f53\u963b\u65ad\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>31.\u00a0drug resistance<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/dr\u028c\u0261 r\u026a\u02c8z\u026ast\u0259ns\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u836f\u7269\u8010\u836f\u6027\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u89e3\u6790\uff1a\u75c5\u539f\u4f53\u3001\u80bf\u7624\u7ec6\u80de\u6216\u4eba\u4f53\u53d7\u4f53\u957f\u671f\u7528\u836f\u540e\u5bf9\u836f\u7269\u654f\u611f\u5ea6\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aOveruse of antibiotics leads to widespread bacterial drug resistance worldwide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u6ee5\u7528\u9020\u6210\u5168\u7403\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u7ec6\u83cc\u8010\u836f\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>32.\u00a0cross-resistance<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/kr\u0254\u02d0s r\u026a\u02c8z\u026ast\u0259ns\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u4ea4\u53c9\u8010\u836f\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aResistance to one antibiotic often creates cross-resistance to similar drugs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e00\u79cd\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u4ea7\u751f\u8010\u836f\u540e\uff0c\u5e38\u4f1a\u5bf9\u540c\u7c7b\u836f\u7269\u51fa\u73b0\u4ea4\u53c9\u8010\u836f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>33.\u00a0cross-sensitivity<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/kr\u0254\u02d0s \u02ccsens\u0259\u02c8t\u026av\u0259ti\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u4ea4\u53c9\u8fc7\u654f\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aPatients allergic to penicillin face cross-sensitivity to other beta-lactam drugs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u9752\u9709\u7d20\u8fc7\u654f\u60a3\u8005\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u03b2-\u5185\u9170\u80fa\u7c7b\u836f\u7269\u53d1\u751f\u4ea4\u53c9\u8fc7\u654f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>34.\u00a0withdrawal symptom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/w\u026a\u00f0\u02c8dr\u0254\u02d0\u0259l \u02c8s\u026ampt\u0259m\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u6212\u65ad\u75c7\u72b6\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aSweating, tremors and panic are common withdrawal symptoms of sedatives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u51fa\u6c57\u3001\u9707\u98a4\u3001\u5fc3\u614c\u662f\u9547\u9759\u5242\u5e38\u89c1\u6212\u65ad\u75c7\u72b6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>35.\u00a0dependence liability<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/d\u026a\u02c8pend\u0259ns \u02ccla\u026a\u0259\u02c8b\u026al\u0259ti\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u836f\u7269\u6210\u763e\u6f5c\u529b\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u89e3\u6790\uff1a\u836f\u7269\u5f15\u53d1\u751f\u7406\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u9ad8\u4f4e\uff0c\u7ba1\u5236\u836f\u54c1\u8bdd\u9898\u5fc5\u8003\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aOpioid painkillers carry a high dependence liability even at standard dosages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u5373\u4fbf\u6807\u51c6\u5242\u91cf\uff0c\u963f\u7247\u7c7b\u6b62\u75db\u836f\u4e5f\u5177\u5907\u5f88\u9ad8\u6210\u763e\u6f5c\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>36.\u00a0controlled substance<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/k\u0259n\u02c8tro\u028ald \u02c8s\u028cbst\u0259ns\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u7ba1\u5236\u7cbe\u795e\u836f\u54c1\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aDoctors require special licenses to prescribe high-risk controlled substances.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u533b\u751f\u9700\u8981\u7279\u6b8a\u6267\u7167\u624d\u80fd\u5f00\u5177\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\u7ba1\u5236\u836f\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>37.\u00a0over-the-counter (OTC)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02cco\u028av\u0259r \u00f0\u0259 \u02c8ka\u028ant\u0259r\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u975e\u5904\u65b9\uff08\u836f\uff09\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u89e3\u6790\uff1a\u65e0\u9700\u533b\u751f\u5904\u65b9\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u8d2d\u4e70\u7684\u836f\u7269\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u533b\u5b66\u542c\u529b\u9ad8\u9891\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aCommon OTC cold medicines carry mild sedative side effects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u5e38\u89c1\u975e\u5904\u65b9\u611f\u5192\u836f\u5e26\u6709\u8f7b\u5fae\u9547\u9759\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>38.\u00a0prescription drug<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/pr\u026a\u02c8skr\u026ap\u0283n dr\u028c\u0261\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u5904\u65b9\u836f\u7269\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aAll strong antidepressants and anticonvulsants are prescription drugs only.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u5f3a\u6548\u6297\u6291\u90c1\u3001\u6297\u766b\u75eb\u836f\u5747\u4e3a\u5904\u65b9\u836f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>39.\u00a0prescription<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/pr\u026a\u02c8skr\u026ap\u0283n\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u5904\u65b9\uff1b\u5f00\u836f\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd\/\u52a8\u8bcd(n.\/v.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aPhysicians cannot refill a prescription for controlled substances remotely.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u533b\u751f\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fdc\u7a0b\u7eed\u5f00\u7ba1\u5236\u836f\u54c1\u5904\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>40.\u00a0adverse event<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8\u00e6dv\u025c\u02d0rs \u026a\u02c8vent\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u4e0d\u826f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u89e3\u6790\uff1a\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u3001\u4e34\u5e8a\u7528\u836f\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u8d1f\u9762\u5065\u5eb7\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u5bbd\u6cdb\u4e8eside effect\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aResearchers record every adverse event during multi-year drug trials.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4f1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u591a\u5e74\u836f\u7269\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u4e0d\u826f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>41.\u00a0serious adverse event<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8s\u026ari\u0259s \u02c8\u00e6dv\u025c\u02d0rs \u026a\u02c8vent\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u4e25\u91cd\u4e0d\u826f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u89e3\u6790\uff1a\u5371\u53ca\u751f\u547d\u3001\u4f4f\u9662\u3001\u6c38\u4e45\u635f\u4f24\u7684\u836f\u7269\u4e0d\u826f\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u65b0\u836f\u5b89\u5168\u8bc4\u4f30\u6838\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aLiver failure and seizure count as serious adverse events in drug testing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u809d\u8870\u7aed\u3001\u766b\u75eb\u53d1\u4f5c\u5728\u836f\u7269\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e2d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e25\u91cd\u4e0d\u826f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>42.\u00a0risk-benefit ratio<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/r\u026ask \u02c8ben\u026af\u026at \u02c8re\u026a\u0283io\u028a\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u98ce\u9669\u6536\u76ca\u6bd4\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u89e3\u6790\uff1a\u8861\u91cf\u836f\u7269\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u98ce\u9669\u4e0e\u6cbb\u7597\u83b7\u76ca\u7684\u6743\u8861\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u836f\u54c1\u5ba1\u6279\u5fc5\u63d0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aChemotherapy drugs have a narrow risk-benefit ratio for elderly weak patients.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u5316\u7597\u836f\u7269\u5bf9\u4f53\u5f31\u8001\u5e74\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u6536\u76ca\u6bd4\u5f88\u4e0d\u7406\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>43.\u00a0preclinical trial<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02ccpri\u02d0\u02c8kl\u026an\u026akl \u02c8tra\u026a\u0259l\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u4e34\u5e8a\u524d\u8bd5\u9a8c\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u89e3\u6790\uff1a\u65b0\u836f\u4eba\u4f53\u8bd5\u9a8c\u524d\uff0c\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u3001\u52a8\u7269\u8eab\u4e0a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u836f\u7406\u6bd2\u6027\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aA drug must pass all preclinical trials before human volunteer testing begins.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u836f\u7269\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u5168\u90e8\u4e34\u5e8a\u524d\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5f00\u5c55\u4eba\u4f53\u5fd7\u613f\u8005\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>44.\u00a0phase trial<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/fe\u026az \u02c8tra\u026a\u0259l\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u5206\u671f\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aPhase 1 trials test safety; Phase 3 trials test large-scale therapeutic efficacy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u4e00\u671f\u8bd5\u9a8c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u4e09\u671f\u8bd5\u9a8c\u5f00\u5c55\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7597\u6548\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>45.\u00a0placebo response rate<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/pl\u0259\u02c8si\u02d0bo\u028a r\u026a\u02c8sp\u0251\u02d0ns re\u026at\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u5b89\u6170\u5242\u6709\u6548\u5e94\u7b54\u7387\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aMild mood disorders show a high placebo response rate in clinical research.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u8f7b\u5ea6\u60c5\u7eea\u969c\u788d\u5728\u4e34\u5e8a\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5b89\u6170\u5242\u6709\u6548\u5e94\u7b54\u7387\u5f88\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>46.\u00a0vasoconstriction<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02ccve\u026azo\u028ak\u0259n\u02c8str\u026ak\u0283n\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u8840\u7ba1\u6536\u7f29\uff08\u836f\u7406\u4f5c\u7528\uff09\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aStimulant nasal sprays trigger vasoconstriction to relieve swollen nasal tissue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u523a\u6fc0\u6027\u9f3b\u8154\u55b7\u96fe\u901a\u8fc7\u8840\u7ba1\u6536\u7f29\u7f13\u89e3\u9f3b\u8154\u7ec4\u7ec7\u80bf\u80c0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>47.\u00a0vasodilation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02ccve\u026azo\u028ada\u026a\u02c8le\u026a\u0283n\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u8840\u7ba1\u8212\u5f20\uff08\u836f\u7406\u4f5c\u7528\uff09\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aBlood pressure drugs produce vasodilation to lower arterial pressure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u964d\u538b\u836f\u901a\u8fc7\u8212\u5f20\u8840\u7ba1\u964d\u4f4e\u52a8\u8109\u8840\u538b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>48.\u00a0anticholinergic<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02cc\u00e6ntiko\u028a\u02ccl\u026an\u02c8\u025c\u02d0rd\u0292\u026ak\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u6297\u80c6\u78b1\u80fd\u836f\uff1b\u6297\u80c6\u78b1\u7684\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1an.\/adj.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u89e3\u6790\uff1a\u963b\u65ad\u4e59\u9170\u80c6\u78b1\u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28\uff0c\u9547\u9759\u3001\u6297\u8fc7\u654f\u3001\u7cbe\u795e\u836f\u7269\u9ad8\u9891\u5206\u7c7b\u8bcd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aAnticholinergic side effects include dry mouth, blurred vision and constipation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u6297\u80c6\u78b1\u80fd\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u5305\u542b\u53e3\u5e72\u3001\u89c6\u529b\u6a21\u7cca\u3001\u4fbf\u79d8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>49.\u00a0cholinergic<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02ccko\u028al\u026an\u02c8\u025c\u02d0rd\u0292\u026ak\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u80c6\u78b1\u80fd\u7684\uff1b\u80c6\u78b1\u80fd\u836f\u7269\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1aadj.\/n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aCholinergic drugs boost memory signals for early Alzheimer\u2019s treatment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u80c6\u78b1\u80fd\u836f\u7269\u589e\u5f3a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u65e9\u671f\u963f\u5c14\u8328\u6d77\u9ed8\u75c7\u6cbb\u7597\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>50.\u00a0clearance half-life<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8kl\u026a\u0259r\u0259ns h\u00e6f la\u026af\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u6e05\u9664\u534a\u8870\u671f\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aPatients with damaged kidneys have a prolonged clearance half-life of water-soluble drugs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u80be\u529f\u80fd\u53d7\u635f\u60a3\u8005\u6c34\u6eb6\u6027\u836f\u7269\u7684\u6e05\u9664\u534a\u8870\u671f\u4f1a\u5927\u5e45\u5ef6\u957f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd4\u56de\u9996\u9875<a href=\"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/2026\/07\/05\/%e6%89%98%e7%a6%8f%ef%bc%9a%e5%8c%bb%e5%ad%a6%e7%b1%bb%e8%af%8d%e6%b1%87%e7%9b%ae%e5%bd%95\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"24132\">\u6258\u798f\uff1a\u533b\u5b66\u7c7b\u8bcd\u6c47\u76ee\u5f55<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a\u6258\u798f\uff1a\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u7efc\u5408\u8bcd\u6c47&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[504],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24118","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-504"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24118","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24118"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24118\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24118"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24118"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24118"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}