{"id":24222,"date":"2026-07-06T09:02:51","date_gmt":"2026-07-06T01:02:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/?p=24222"},"modified":"2026-07-14T10:09:29","modified_gmt":"2026-07-14T02:09:29","slug":"5-%e6%89%98%e7%a6%8f%e8%af%8d%e6%b1%87%ef%bc%9a%e5%8e%86%e5%8f%b2%e5%ad%a6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/2026\/07\/06\/5-%e6%89%98%e7%a6%8f%e8%af%8d%e6%b1%87%ef%bc%9a%e5%8e%86%e5%8f%b2%e5%ad%a6\/","title":{"rendered":"5.\u6258\u798f\u8bcd\u6c47\uff1a\u5386\u53f2\u5b66"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a<a href=\"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/2026\/07\/05\/%e6%89%98%e7%a6%8f%ef%bc%9a%e5%8c%bb%e5%ad%a6%e7%b1%bb%e8%af%8d%e6%b1%87%e7%9b%ae%e5%bd%95\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"24132\">\u6258\u798f\uff1a\u533b\u5b66\u7c7b\u8bcd\u6c47\u76ee\u5f55<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1. decadence<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8dek\u0259d\u0259ns\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u8870\u843d\uff1b\u6587\u660e\u8870\u8d25\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u63cf\u8ff0\u5e1d\u56fd\u3001\u57ce\u5e02\u3001\u6587\u5316\u9010\u6b65\u8d70\u5411\u6ca1\u843d\uff0c\u6258\u798f\u5386\u53f2\u9605\u8bfb\u9ad8\u9891\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aCorruption and famine led to the decadence of the ancient empire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u8150\u8d25\u4e0e\u9965\u8352\u81f4\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53e4\u8001\u5e1d\u56fd\u8d70\u5411\u8870\u843d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2. demographic<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02ccdem\u0259\u02c8\u0261r\u00e6f\u026ak\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u4eba\u53e3\u7edf\u8ba1\u7684\uff1b\u4eba\u53e3\u7ed3\u6784\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\/\u540d\u8bcd<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u793e\u79d1\u5386\u53f2\u6838\u5fc3\u8bcd\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u53e3\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u5e74\u9f84\u3001\u8fc1\u5f99\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aDemographic shifts greatly altered regional social structures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4eba\u53e3\u7ed3\u6784\u53d8\u8fc1\u6781\u5927\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u533a\u57df\u793e\u4f1a\u67b6\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3. deprivation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02ccdepr\u026a\u02c8ve\u026a\u0283n\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u7269\u8d44\u532e\u4e4f\uff1b\u8d44\u6e90\u77ed\u7f3a\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u6218\u4e71\u3001\u707e\u8352\u4e0b\u5e95\u5c42\u6c11\u4f17\u7f3a\u5c11\u7cae\u98df\u3001\u571f\u5730\u7b49\u751f\u5b58\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aWidespread deprivation triggered mass migration to southern lands.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u7269\u8d44\u532e\u4e4f\u5f15\u53d1\u6c11\u4f17\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5357\u8fc1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4. descendant<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/d\u026a\u02c8send\u0259nt\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u540e\u4ee3\uff1b\u65cf\u7fa4\u540e\u88d4\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u53e4\u90e8\u843d\u3001\u738b\u5ba4\u8840\u8109\u4f20\u627f\u7684\u540e\u4eba\uff0c\u65cf\u7fa4\u6eaf\u6e90\u9ad8\u9891\u8bcd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aLocal villagers are direct descendants of the river valley tribe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5f53\u5730\u6751\u6c11\u662f\u6cb3\u8c37\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u76f4\u7cfb\u540e\u88d4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5. disintegrate<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/d\u026as\u02c8\u026ant\u026a\u0261re\u026at\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u74e6\u89e3\uff1b\u653f\u6743\u5206\u5d29\u79bb\u6790\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u52a8\u8bcd(v.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u7edf\u4e00\u738b\u671d\u56e0\u5185\u4e71\u3001\u5916\u65cf\u5165\u4fb5\u5206\u88c2\u89e3\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aInternal conflicts caused the huge empire to disintegrate rapidly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5185\u90e8\u77db\u76fe\u8ba9\u5e9e\u5927\u5e1d\u56fd\u8fc5\u901f\u74e6\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6. disparity<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/d\u026a\u02c8sp\u00e6r\u0259ti\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u8d2b\u5bcc\u5dee\u8ddd\uff1b\u9636\u5c42\u5dee\u5f02\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u8d35\u65cf\u4e0e\u5e73\u6c11\u3001\u5730\u4e3b\u4e0e\u519c\u6c11\u95f4\u8d22\u5bcc\u3001\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u5dee\u8ddd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aThe wealth disparity between nobles and peasants kept widening.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u8d35\u65cf\u4e0e\u519c\u6c11\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8d2b\u5bcc\u5dee\u8ddd\u6301\u7eed\u6269\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7. dynasty<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8da\u026an\u0259sti\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u738b\u671d\uff1b\u4e16\u88ad\u738b\u6743\u65f6\u4ee3\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u540c\u4e00\u8840\u8109\u5bb6\u65cf\u6301\u7eed\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aThis powerful dynasty dominated the continent for over 300 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f3a\u76db\u738b\u671d\u7edf\u6cbb\u8fd9\u7247\u5927\u9646\u4e09\u767e\u4f59\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">8. egalitarian<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u026a\u02cc\u0261\u00e6l\u026a\u02c8teri\u0259n\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u5e73\u7b49\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\uff1b\u65e0\u9636\u7ea7\u539f\u59cb\u793e\u4f1a\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd(adj.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u65e9\u671f\u72e9\u730e\u90e8\u843d\u65e0\u8d2b\u5bcc\u3001\u7b49\u7ea7\u5206\u5316\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5f62\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aSmall hunting groups maintained an egalitarian social order.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5c0f\u578b\u72e9\u730e\u65cf\u7fa4\u7ef4\u6301\u4eba\u4eba\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">9. emigrate<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8em\u026a\u0261re\u026at\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u8fc1\u51fa\uff1b\u65cf\u7fa4\u5411\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u52a8\u8bcd(v.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u6c11\u4f17\u79bb\u5f00\u672c\u571f\uff0c\u8fc1\u5f80\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u57df\u5b9a\u5c45\u8c0b\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aHundreds of families emigrated to escape heavy taxation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6570\u767e\u6237\u4eba\u5bb6\u4e3a\u8eb2\u907f\u91cd\u7a0e\u5411\u5916\u8fc1\u5f99\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">10. ethnology<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u025b\u03b8\u02c8n\u0251\u02d0l\u0259d\u0292i\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u6c11\u65cf\u5b66\uff1b\u53e4\u65cf\u7fa4\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u793e\u79d1\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e0d\u540c\u90e8\u65cf\u6587\u5316\u3001\u4e60\u4fd7\u8d77\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aEthnology helps scholars trace ancient human migration paths.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6c11\u65cf\u5b66\u5e2e\u52a9\u5b66\u8005\u8ffd\u6eaf\u53e4\u4eba\u8fc1\u5f99\u8def\u7ebf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">11. exploit<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u026ak\u02c8spl\u0254\u026at\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u5265\u524a\uff1b\u538b\u69a8\u5e95\u5c42\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u52a8\u8bcd(v.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u8d35\u65cf\u3001\u5730\u4e3b\u65e0\u507f\u5360\u6709\u519c\u6c11\u3001\u5de5\u5320\u52b3\u52a8\u6210\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aLandlords exploited farmers by charging extremely high rents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5730\u4e3b\u6536\u53d6\u9ad8\u989d\u5730\u79df\uff0c\u5265\u524a\u519c\u6c11\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">12. flourishing<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8fl\u025c\u02d0r\u026a\u0283\u026a\u014b\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u7e41\u8363\u5174\u76db\u7684\uff1b\u6587\u660e\u9f0e\u76db\u671f\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd(adj.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u57ce\u5e02\u5546\u8d38\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5168\u9762\u53d1\u8fbe\u7684\u9ec4\u91d1\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aThe coastal city remained a flourishing trade center for centuries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u8fd9\u5ea7\u6cbf\u6d77\u57ce\u5e02\u6570\u767e\u5e74\u95f4\u90fd\u662f\u7e41\u8363\u7684\u5546\u8d38\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">13. fortification<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02ccf\u0254\u02d0rt\u026af\u026a\u02c8ke\u026a\u0283n\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u9632\u5fa1\u5de5\u4e8b\uff1b\u57ce\u5899\u5821\u5792\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u53e4\u4ee3\u4fee\u5efa\u7684\u57ce\u5899\u3001\u5854\u697c\u3001\u8981\u585e\uff0c\u62b5\u5fa1\u5916\u654c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aThick stone fortifications surrounded every major ancient city.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6bcf\u5ea7\u5927\u578b\u53e4\u57ce\u90fd\u73af\u7ed5\u539a\u91cd\u77f3\u8d28\u9632\u5fa1\u5de5\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">14. fossilize<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8f\u0251\u02d0s\u0259la\u026az\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u4f7f\u50f5\u5316\uff1b\u5236\u5ea6\u505c\u6ede\u56fa\u5316\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u52a8\u8bcd(v.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u8001\u65e7\u5f8b\u6cd5\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u4f53\u7cfb\u957f\u671f\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u963b\u788d\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aRigid class rules fossilized the whole social system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u50f5\u5316\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7\u5236\u5ea6\u8ba9\u6574\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u4f53\u7cfb\u505c\u6ede\u56fa\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">15. genesis<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8d\u0292en\u0259s\u026as\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u8d77\u6e90\uff1b\u6587\u660e\u3001\u5236\u5ea6\u5f00\u7aef\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u519c\u8015\u6587\u660e\u3001\u57ce\u90a6\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u4f53\u7cfb\u6700\u521d\u5f62\u6210\u9636\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aThe book explores the genesis of early urban civilizations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u63a2\u7a76\u65e9\u671f\u57ce\u5e02\u6587\u660e\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">16. geopolitical<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02ccd\u0292i\u02d0o\u028ap\u0259\u02c8l\u026at\u026akl\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u5730\u7f18\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\uff1b\u7586\u57df\u8d44\u6e90\u535a\u5f08\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd(adj.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4f9d\u6258\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3001\u571f\u5730\u8d44\u6e90\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u738b\u56fd\u7ade\u4e89\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aGeopolitical conflicts over river valleys broke out repeatedly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6cb3\u8c37\u5730\u5e26\u7684\u5730\u7f18\u653f\u6cbb\u51b2\u7a81\u53cd\u590d\u7206\u53d1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">17. guild<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u0261\u026ald\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u884c\u4f1a\uff1b\u53e4\u4ee3\u624b\u5de5\u4e1a\u516c\u4f1a\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u5de5\u5320\u3001\u5546\u4eba\u7ec4\u5efa\u7684\u884c\u4e1a\u81ea\u6cbb\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aCraft guilds set uniform standards for handmade goods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u624b\u5de5\u4e1a\u884c\u4f1a\u4e3a\u624b\u5de5\u5236\u54c1\u5236\u5b9a\u7edf\u4e00\u6807\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">18. hereditary<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/h\u0259\u02c8red\u026ateri\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u4e16\u88ad\u7684\uff1b\u6743\u529b\u4e16\u4ee3\u4f20\u627f\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd(adj.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u738b\u4f4d\u3001\u571f\u5730\u3001\u8d35\u65cf\u8eab\u4efd\u4f9d\u9760\u8840\u7f18\u4ee3\u4ee3\u76f8\u4f20\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aHereditary monarchy was the mainstream ruling system back then.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4e16\u88ad\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u4e3b\u6d41\u7edf\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">19. homogeneous<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02ccho\u028am\u0259\u02c8d\u0292i\u02d0ni\u0259s\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u5355\u4e00\u540c\u8d28\u7684\uff1b\u65cf\u7fa4\u6587\u5316\u7edf\u4e00\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd(adj.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u533a\u57df\u5185\u6c11\u4f17\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u4e60\u4fd7\u3001\u8840\u7f18\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7edf\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aThe inland kingdom was a homogeneous ethnic society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5185\u9646\u738b\u56fd\u662f\u6587\u5316\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u65cf\u7fa4\u793e\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">20. immigrate<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8\u026am\u026a\u0261re\u026at\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u8fc1\u5165\uff1b\u5916\u65cf\u79fb\u5c45\u672c\u571f\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u52a8\u8bcd(v.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u5916\u6765\u65cf\u7fa4\u8fdb\u5165\u67d0\u4e00\u738b\u56fd\u957f\u671f\u5b9a\u5c45\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aMany foreign merchants immigrated to the capital for trade.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5927\u91cf\u5916\u56fd\u5546\u4eba\u8fc1\u5165\u90fd\u57ce\u7ecf\u5546\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">21. imperial<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u026am\u02c8p\u026ari\u0259l\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\uff1b\u5e1d\u738b\u7edf\u6cbb\u4f53\u7cfb\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd(adj.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u6a2a\u8de8\u591a\u533a\u57df\u3001\u591a\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5927\u578b\u5e1d\u56fd\u76f8\u5173\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0e\u8bbe\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aImperial highways connected all provincial cities nationwide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5e1d\u56fd\u5b98\u9053\u8fde\u901a\u5168\u56fd\u6240\u6709\u90e1\u53bf\u57ce\u5e02\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">22. infrastructure<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8\u026anfr\u0259str\u028ckt\u0283\u0259r\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\uff1b\u6c34\u5229\u3001\u9053\u8def\u5de5\u7a0b\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u652f\u6491\u53e4\u4ee3\u57ce\u5e02\u8fd0\u8f6c\u7684\u6c34\u6e20\u3001\u9053\u8def\u3001\u7cae\u4ed3\u516c\u5171\u8bbe\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aSound infrastructure guaranteed stable food supply for residents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5b8c\u5584\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u4fdd\u969c\u5c45\u6c11\u7cae\u98df\u7a33\u5b9a\u4f9b\u7ed9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">23. inscription<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u026an\u02c8skr\u026ap\u0283n\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u94ed\u6587\uff1b\u77f3\u7891\u5668\u7269\u523b\u6587\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u523b\u5728\u77f3\u7891\u3001\u9752\u94dc\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u4e00\u624b\u5386\u53f2\u53f2\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aScholars translated ancient inscriptions to restore lost history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5b66\u8005\u7ffb\u8bd1\u53e4\u4ee3\u94ed\u6587\uff0c\u8fd8\u539f\u9057\u5931\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">24. insurrection<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02cc\u026ans\u0259\u02c8rek\u0283n\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u8d77\u4e49\uff1b\u6c11\u4f17\u53cd\u6297\u66b4\u653f\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u5e95\u5c42\u767e\u59d3\u8054\u5408\u53d1\u8d77\u5bf9\u6297\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u7684\u6b66\u88c5\u53cd\u6297\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aHeavy grain taxes sparked a large-scale peasant insurrection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6c89\u91cd\u7cae\u7a0e\u5f15\u53d1\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u519c\u6c11\u8d77\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">25. intercultural<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02cc\u026ant\u0259r\u02c8k\u028clt\u0283\u0259r\u0259l\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u7684\uff1b\u6587\u660e\u4ea4\u6d41\u878d\u5408\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd(adj.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4e0d\u540c\u90e8\u65cf\u3001\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u6587\u5316\u3001\u6280\u672f\u4e92\u901a\u5f80\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aSilk Road boosted intercultural communication between continents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4e1d\u7ef8\u4e4b\u8def\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5404\u5927\u6d32\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">26. kinship<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8k\u026an\u0283\u026ap\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u5b97\u65cf\u4eb2\u7f18\uff1b\u8840\u7f18\u7ebd\u5e26\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u539f\u59cb\u793e\u4f1a\u7ef4\u7cfb\u90e8\u843d\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8840\u7f18\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aKinship ties determined people\u2019s social rights in tribes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u90e8\u843d\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eb2\u7f18\u7ebd\u5e26\u51b3\u5b9a\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6743\u5229\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">27. literacy<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8l\u026at\u0259r\u0259si\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u8bfb\u5199\u80fd\u529b\uff1b\u6587\u5316\u666e\u53ca\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u53e4\u4ee3\u80fd\u591f\u8bc6\u8bfb\u6587\u5b57\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u5360\u6bd4\uff0c\u6587\u660e\u6210\u719f\u6807\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aLow literacy limited the spread of official historical records.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4f4e\u4e0b\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u80fd\u529b\u9650\u5236\u5b98\u65b9\u53f2\u6599\u4f20\u64ad\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">28. livestock<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8la\u026avst\u0251\u02d0k\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u5bb6\u755c\uff1b\u725b\u7f8a\u519c\u8015\u755c\u7267\u8d44\u4ea7\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u519c\u7267\u793e\u4f1a\u6838\u5fc3\u751f\u4ea7\u8d22\u5bcc\uff0c\u652f\u6491\u7cae\u98df\u4e0e\u8d38\u6613\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aFarmers raised large amounts of livestock for food and trade.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u519c\u6c11\u9972\u517b\u5927\u91cf\u5bb6\u755c\uff0c\u7528\u4f5c\u98df\u7269\u4e0e\u5546\u8d38\u5546\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">29. metropolis<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/m\u0259\u02c8tr\u0251\u02d0p\u0259l\u026as\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u5927\u90fd\u4f1a\uff1b\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u5fc3\u90fd\u57ce\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4eba\u53e3\u5bc6\u96c6\u3001\u5546\u8d38\u7e41\u8363\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u6838\u5fc3\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aThe ancient metropolis gathered merchants from dozens of lands.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u8fd9\u5ea7\u53e4\u5927\u90fd\u4f1a\u6c47\u96c6\u6765\u81ea\u6570\u5341\u4e2a\u5730\u57df\u7684\u5546\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">30. migration<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/ma\u026a\u02c8\u0261re\u026a\u0283n\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u65cf\u7fa4\u8fc1\u5f99\uff1b\u4eba\u53e3\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u6d41\u52a8\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u6c14\u5019\u3001\u6218\u4e71\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u77ed\u7f3a\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u4eba\u53e3\u79fb\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aClimate cooling caused the great migration of steppe tribes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u51b7\u5f15\u53d1\u8349\u539f\u90e8\u65cf\u5927\u8fc1\u5f99\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">31. monarchy<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8m\u0251\u02d0n\u0259rki\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\uff1b\u738b\u6743\u653f\u4f53\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u7531\u5355\u4e00\u56fd\u738b\u3001\u5e1d\u738b\u638c\u63a7\u6700\u9ad8\u6743\u529b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aThe small nation abandoned monarchy and adopted council rule.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c0f\u56fd\u5e9f\u9664\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\uff0c\u6539\u7528\u8bae\u4f1a\u6cbb\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">32. municipal<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/mju\u02d0\u02c8n\u026as\u026apl\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u57ce\u90a6\u5e02\u653f\u7684\uff1b\u57ce\u5e02\u516c\u5171\u7ba1\u7406\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd(adj.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u53e4\u4ee3\u81ea\u6cbb\u57ce\u5e02\u7ba1\u7406\u96c6\u5e02\u3001\u6c34\u5229\u3001\u6cbb\u5b89\u7684\u884c\u653f\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aMunicipal officers were in charge of city sanitation and defense.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5e02\u653f\u5b98\u5458\u8d1f\u8d23\u57ce\u5e02\u73af\u536b\u4e0e\u9632\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">33. nomadic<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/no\u028a\u02c8m\u00e6d\u026ak\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u6e38\u7267\u7684\uff1b\u9010\u6c34\u8349\u8fc1\u5f99\u65cf\u7fa4\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd(adj.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u65e0\u56fa\u5b9a\u57ce\u9547\uff0c\u4f9d\u9760\u653e\u7267\u4e0d\u65ad\u8fc1\u79fb\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u751f\u6d3b\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aNomadic groups relied entirely on herds for survival.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6e38\u7267\u65cf\u7fa4\u5b8c\u5168\u4f9d\u9760\u755c\u7fa4\u751f\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">34. obsolete<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02cc\u0251\u02d0bs\u0259\u02c8li\u02d0t\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u6dd8\u6c70\u7684\uff1b\u8fc7\u65f6\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u5de5\u5177\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd(adj.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4f34\u968f\u6280\u672f\u3001\u65f6\u4ee3\u53d1\u5c55\u88ab\u5f03\u7528\u7684\u65e7\u751f\u4ea7\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\u5f8b\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aStone tools became obsolete after iron metallurgy appeared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u51b6\u91d1\u672f\u51fa\u73b0\u540e\uff0c\u77f3\u5668\u4fbf\u88ab\u6dd8\u6c70\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">35. parchment<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8p\u0251\u02d0rt\u0283m\u0259nt\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u7f8a\u76ae\u7eb8\uff1b\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e66\u5199\u6587\u4e66\u8f7d\u4f53\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u8bb0\u5f55\u7f16\u5e74\u53f2\u3001\u5f8b\u6cd5\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u4e66\u5199\u6750\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aMonks copied historical texts onto thin parchment scrolls.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u50e7\u4fa3\u5c06\u5386\u53f2\u5178\u7c4d\u8a8a\u5199\u5728\u8584\u7f8a\u76ae\u7eb8\u5377\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">36. pastoral<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8p\u00e6st\u0259r\u0259l\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u519c\u7267\u7684\uff1b\u519c\u8015\u653e\u7267\u6df7\u5408\u793e\u4f1a\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd(adj.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u517c\u987e\u8015\u79cd\u4e0e\u653e\u7267\uff0c\u672a\u53d1\u5c55\u5927\u578b\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u5c0f\u578b\u793e\u7fa4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aPastoral villages spread across the fertile river plain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u519c\u7267\u6751\u843d\u904d\u5e03\u80a5\u6c83\u7684\u6cb3\u8c37\u5e73\u539f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">37. patriarch<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8pe\u026atri\u0251\u02d0rk\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u65cf\u957f\uff1b\u90e8\u843d\u7537\u6027\u9996\u9886\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u539f\u59cb\u90e8\u843d\u3001\u5b97\u65cf\u4e2d\u638c\u63e1\u88c1\u51b3\u6743\u7684\u5e74\u957f\u7537\u6027\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aThe tribal patriarch mediated conflicts between family groups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u90e8\u843d\u65cf\u957f\u8c03\u89e3\u5404\u5b97\u65cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">38. peasantry<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8pez\u0259ntri\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u519c\u6c11\u9636\u5c42\uff1b\u5e95\u5c42\u519c\u8015\u7fa4\u4f53\u603b\u79f0\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u5c01\u5efa\u793e\u4f1a\u4ece\u4e8b\u8015\u4f5c\u3001\u7f34\u7eb3\u5730\u79df\u7684\u5168\u4f53\u5e95\u5c42\u6c11\u4f17\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aThe peasantry bore most of the empire\u2019s tax burden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u519c\u6c11\u9636\u5c42\u627f\u62c5\u5e1d\u56fd\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8d4b\u7a0e\u538b\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">39. plateau<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/pl\u00e6\u02c8to\u028a\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u9ad8\u539f\uff1b\u53e4\u6587\u660e\u805a\u5c45\u9ad8\u5730\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u72ec\u7279\u5730\u7406\u73af\u5883\u5b55\u80b2\u5c01\u95ed\u3001\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u53e4\u4ee3\u65cf\u7fa4\u6587\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aUnique customs formed among tribes living on the high plateau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u9ad8\u539f\u4e0a\u7684\u90e8\u843d\u5f62\u6210\u72ec\u7279\u6c11\u4fd7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">40. regime<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/re\u026a\u02c8\u0292i\u02d0m\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u653f\u6743\uff1b\u6574\u5957\u7edf\u6cbb\u4f53\u7cfb\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u67d0\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u7ba1\u63a7\u4f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aThe harsh regime was overthrown by a nationwide uprising.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4e25\u82db\u7684\u653f\u6743\u88ab\u5168\u56fd\u8d77\u4e49\u63a8\u7ffb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">41. relic<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8rel\u026ak\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u9057\u8ff9\u3001\u53e4\u6587\u7269\uff1b\u5386\u53f2\u9057\u5b58\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u53e4\u57ce\u6b8b\u57a3\u3001\u51fa\u571f\u5668\u7269\u7b49\u89c1\u8bc1\u53e4\u4ee3\u6587\u660e\u7684\u5b9e\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aArchaeologists dug up valuable relics of a forgotten kingdom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u5bb6\u53d1\u6398\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e6e\u6ca1\u738b\u56fd\u7684\u73cd\u8d35\u6587\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">42. rural<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8r\u028ar\u0259l\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u4e61\u6751\u7684\uff1b\u519c\u8015\u6751\u843d\u533a\u57df\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd(adj.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u57ce\u5e02\u5916\u56f4\u4ee5\u519c\u7530\u3001\u755c\u7267\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u5e7f\u9614\u4e61\u6751\u5730\u5e26\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aMost of the population lived in rural farming villages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u53e3\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u519c\u8015\u4e61\u6751\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">43. sedentary<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8sednteri\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u5b9a\u5c45\u7684\uff1b\u56fa\u5b9a\u519c\u8015\u65cf\u7fa4\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd(adj.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u653e\u5f03\u8fc1\u5f99\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u56fa\u5b9a\u5c45\u4f4f\u8015\u79cd\u571f\u5730\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aSedentary farming societies developed the first permanent cities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5b9a\u5c45\u519c\u8015\u793e\u4f1a\u8bde\u751f\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u6c38\u4e45\u57ce\u5e02\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">44. stratification<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02ccstr\u00e6t\u026af\u026a\u02c8ke\u026a\u0283n\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u793e\u4f1a\u5206\u5c42\uff1b\u9636\u7ea7\u5212\u5206\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u53e4\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u4f9d\u636e\u8d22\u5bcc\u3001\u6743\u529b\u5212\u5206\u8d35\u65cf\u3001\u5e73\u6c11\u3001\u5974\u96b6\u5c42\u7ea7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aStrict social stratification limited people\u2019s upward mobility.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4e25\u82db\u793e\u4f1a\u5206\u5c42\u9650\u5236\u9636\u5c42\u8dc3\u5347\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">45. surplus<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8s\u025c\u02d0rpl\u0259s\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u7cae\u98df\u76c8\u4f59\uff1b\u7269\u8d44\u5269\u4f59\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u519c\u8015\u4ea7\u51fa\u8d85\u51fa\u751f\u5b58\u6240\u9700\uff0c\u652f\u6491\u57ce\u5e02\u3001\u624b\u5de5\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aGrain surplus allowed some people to work as full-time craftsmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u7cae\u98df\u76c8\u4f59\u8ba9\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u4e13\u804c\u4ece\u4e8b\u624b\u5de5\u4e1a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">46. terrain<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/t\u0259\u02c8re\u026an\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u5730\u5f62\u5730\u8c8c\uff1b\u6587\u660e\u53d1\u5c55\u5730\u7406\u6761\u4ef6\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u5c71\u5730\u3001\u5e73\u539f\u3001\u6c99\u6f20\u7b49\u5730\u5f62\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u65cf\u7fa4\u751f\u4ea7\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aRocky terrain blocked large-scale farming in northern regions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u591a\u5c71\u5730\u5f62\u963b\u788d\u5317\u65b9\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u519c\u8015\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">47. tributary<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8tr\u026abj\u0259teri\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u9644\u5eb8\u56fd\uff1b\u7eb3\u8d21\u85e9\u5c5e\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u5b9e\u529b\u5f31\u5c0f\uff0c\u5411\u5f3a\u5927\u5e1d\u56fd\u8fdb\u8d21\u7269\u8d44\u7684\u5468\u8fb9\u5c0f\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aMany small kingdoms became tributary states of the empire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u8bf8\u591a\u5c0f\u56fd\u6210\u4e3a\u8be5\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u7eb3\u8d21\u85e9\u5c5e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">48. urbanization<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02cc\u025c\u02d0rb\u0259n\u0259\u02c8ze\u026a\u0283n\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u57ce\u5e02\u5316\uff1b\u4eba\u53e3\u5411\u57ce\u5e02\u805a\u96c6\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u793e\u79d1\u5386\u53f2\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5b9a\u5c45\u6587\u660e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5173\u952e\u9636\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aRapid urbanization created large trade hubs along rivers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5feb\u901f\u57ce\u5e02\u5316\u5728\u6cbf\u6cb3\u5730\u5e26\u5f62\u6210\u5927\u578b\u5546\u8d38\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">49. vassal<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8v\u00e6sl\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u9644\u5eb8\uff1b\u6548\u5fe0\u9886\u4e3b\u7684\u8d35\u65cf\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u5c01\u5efa\u5236\u4e0b\u53d7\u5c01\u571f\u5730\u3001\u5411\u541b\u4e3b\u6548\u5fe0\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u8d35\u65cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aVassals supplied soldiers and taxes to their royal lord.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u9644\u5eb8\u5411\u541b\u4e3b\u63d0\u4f9b\u58eb\u5175\u4e0e\u8d4b\u7a0e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">50. watershed<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8w\u0254\u02d0t\u0259r\u0283ed\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u5206\u6c34\u5cad\uff1b\u5386\u53f2\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u5f7b\u5e95\u6539\u53d8\u6587\u660e\u53d1\u5c55\u8d70\u5411\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aThe invention of iron tools was a watershed in human history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u94c1\u5668\u53d1\u660e\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u5206\u6c34\u5cad\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd4\u56de\u9996\u9875<a href=\"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/2026\/07\/06\/%e6%89%98%e7%a6%8f%ef%bc%9a%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%a6%e8%af%8d%e6%b1%87%e7%9b%ae%e5%bd%95\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"24314\">\u6258\u798f\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u8bcd\u6c47\u76ee\u5f55<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a\u6258\u798f\uff1a\u533b\u5b66\u7c7b\u8bcd\u6c47\u76ee\u5f55 &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[506],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24222","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-506"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24222","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24222"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24222\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24222"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24222"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24222"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}