{"id":24520,"date":"2026-07-06T18:02:25","date_gmt":"2026-07-06T10:02:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/?p=24520"},"modified":"2026-07-14T10:08:03","modified_gmt":"2026-07-14T02:08:03","slug":"3-%e6%89%98%e7%a6%8f%e8%af%8d%e6%b1%87%ef%bc%9a%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%a6%e7%b1%bb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/2026\/07\/06\/3-%e6%89%98%e7%a6%8f%e8%af%8d%e6%b1%87%ef%bc%9a%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%a6%e7%b1%bb\/","title":{"rendered":"3.\u6258\u798f\u8bcd\u6c47\uff1a\u54f2\u5b66\u7c7b"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a<a href=\"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/2026\/07\/06\/%e6%89%98%e7%a6%8f%ef%bc%9a%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%a6%e8%af%8d%e6%b1%87%e7%9b%ae%e5%bd%95\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"24314\">\u6258\u798f\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u8bcd\u6c47\u76ee\u5f55<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.&nbsp;intuition<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02cc\u026an\u02c8tju\u02d0\u026a\u0283n\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u76f4\u89c9\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u65e0\u9700\u63a8\u7406\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u9886\u609f\u771f\u7406\u4e0e\u5584\u6076\u7684\u5185\u5fc3\u611f\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aMany philosophers trust intuition as a source of basic moral knowledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u8bb8\u591a\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c06\u76f4\u89c9\u89c6\u4f5c\u57fa\u7840\u9053\u5fb7\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2.&nbsp;deduction<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/d\u026a\u02c8d\u028ck\u0283n\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u6f14\u7ece\u63a8\u7406\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4ece\u666e\u904d\u5927\u524d\u63d0\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u5177\u4f53\u7ed3\u8bba\u7684\u4e25\u8c28\u903b\u8f91\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aDeduction guarantees a true conclusion if all premises are correct.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u82e5\u5168\u90e8\u524d\u63d0\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u6f14\u7ece\u63a8\u7406\u5fc5\u7136\u5f97\u51fa\u771f\u5b9e\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.&nbsp;induction<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u026an\u02c8d\u028ck\u0283n\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u5f52\u7eb3\u63a8\u7406\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4ece\u591a\u4e2a\u4e2a\u522b\u73b0\u8c61\u603b\u7ed3\u51fa\u901a\u7528\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aScience relies on induction to build general rules from specific observations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u79d1\u5b66\u4f9d\u9760\u5f52\u7eb3\u6cd5\u4ece\u5177\u4f53\u89c2\u6d4b\u4e2d\u603b\u7ed3\u901a\u7528\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.&nbsp;premise<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8prem\u026as\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u524d\u63d0\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u903b\u8f91\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u652f\u6491\u7ed3\u8bba\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u9648\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aA flawed premise will make the whole philosophical argument invalid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5b58\u5728\u6f0f\u6d1e\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4f1a\u8ba9\u6574\u5957\u54f2\u5b66\u8bba\u8bc1\u5931\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.&nbsp;conclusion<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/k\u0259n\u02c8klu\u02d0\u0292n\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u7ed3\u8bba\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u7ecf\u903b\u8f91\u63a8\u5bfc\u6700\u7ec8\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u4e0e\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aWe must check whether the conclusion logically follows the premises.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u68c0\u9a8c\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u7531\u524d\u63d0\u5408\u7406\u63a8\u5bfc\u800c\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6.&nbsp;inference<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8\u026anf\u0259r\u0259ns\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u63a8\u8bba\uff1b\u63a8\u65ad\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u73b0\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\u95f4\u63a5\u63a8\u51fa\u9690\u542b\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aThe philosopher\u2019s inference links human reason to personal responsibility.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u8fd9\u4f4d\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u63a8\u8bba\u5c06\u4eba\u7c7b\u7406\u6027\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4eba\u8d23\u4efb\u5173\u8054\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7.&nbsp;criterion<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/kra\u026a\u02c8t\u026a\u0259ri\u0259n\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u8bc4\u5224\u6807\u51c6\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u5bf9\u9519\u3001\u771f\u4f2a\u3001\u5584\u6076\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u590d\u6570\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3a criteria\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aWe need a clear criterion to distinguish genuine knowledge from prejudice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6e05\u6670\u6807\u51c6\u533a\u5206\u771f\u77e5\u4e0e\u504f\u89c1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">8.&nbsp;prejudice<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8pred\u0292\u0259d\u026as\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u504f\u89c1\uff0c\u6210\u89c1\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u672a\u7ecf\u7406\u6027\u5ba1\u89c6\u3001\u5148\u5165\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u7247\u9762\u4e3b\u89c2\u770b\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aSocrates encouraged people to abandon prejudice and pursue truth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u82cf\u683c\u62c9\u5e95\u9f13\u52b1\u4eba\u4eec\u6452\u5f03\u504f\u89c1\u3001\u8ffd\u5bfb\u771f\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">9.&nbsp;autonomy<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u0254\u02d0\u02c8t\u0252n\u0259mi\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u81ea\u4e3b\uff0c\u81ea\u5f8b\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4eba\u4f9d\u9760\u81ea\u8eab\u7406\u6027\u72ec\u7acb\u505a\u51fa\u9053\u5fb7\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aKant believed moral value comes from human rational autonomy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9053\u5fb7\u4ef7\u503c\u6e90\u81ea\u4eba\u7c7b\u7406\u6027\u81ea\u5f8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">10.&nbsp;liability<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02ccla\u026a\u0259\u02c8b\u026al\u0259ti\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u9053\u4e49\u8d1f\u62c5\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u6240\u9644\u5e26\u3001\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a8\u5378\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u540e\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aExistentialism stresses the heavy liability of every free decision.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f3a\u8c03\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u81ea\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u9644\u5e26\u7684\u6c89\u91cd\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">11.&nbsp;mortality<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/m\u0254\u02d0\u02c8t\u00e6l\u0259ti\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u6709\u9650\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u5fc5\u6b7b\u6027\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4eba\u751f\u547d\u6709\u9650\u3001\u7ec8\u5c06\u6d88\u4ea1\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aPhilosophers reflect on mortality to define the meaning of life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u901a\u8fc7\u601d\u8003\u5fc5\u6b7b\u6027\u5b9a\u4e49\u751f\u547d\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">12.&nbsp;immortality<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02cc\u026am\u0254\u02d0\u02c8t\u00e6l\u0259ti\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u4e0d\u673d\uff0c\u6c38\u751f\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u7075\u9b42\u3001\u7cbe\u795e\u8131\u79bb\u8089\u4f53\u6d88\u4ea1\u540e\u6c38\u4e45\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aPlato\u2019s dialogues discuss the possibility of the soul\u2019s immortality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5f55\u63a2\u8ba8\u7075\u9b42\u4e0d\u673d\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">13.&nbsp;rationale<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02ccr\u00e6\u0283\u0259\u02c8n\u0251\u02d0l\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u6839\u672c\u903b\u8f91\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u652f\u6491\u67d0\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u7406\u7531\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aThe philosopher explained the rationale behind his moral system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u8fd9\u4f4d\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u9610\u91ca\u4e86\u5176\u9053\u5fb7\u4f53\u7cfb\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4f9d\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">14.&nbsp;rationality<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02ccr\u00e6\u0283n\u0259\u02c8n\u00e6l\u0259ti\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u7406\u6027\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4eba\u7c7b\u601d\u8003\u3001\u903b\u8f91\u63a8\u6f14\u3001\u5206\u8fa8\u5584\u6076\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aRationality separates human thought from animal instinct.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u7406\u6027\u5c06\u4eba\u7c7b\u601d\u7ef4\u4e0e\u52a8\u7269\u672c\u80fd\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">15.&nbsp;sentiment<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8sent\u026am\u0259nt\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u60c5\u611f\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u60c5\u612b\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u9a71\u52a8\u4eba\u505a\u51fa\u5584\u6076\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u5185\u5728\u611f\u53d7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aMoral philosophers claim sentiment shapes most daily ethical judgments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u63d0\u51fa\u60c5\u611f\u5851\u9020\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u65e5\u5e38\u9053\u5fb7\u5224\u65ad\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">16.&nbsp;conscience<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8k\u0252n\u0283\u0259ns\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u826f\u77e5\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u5185\u5fc3\u5206\u8fa8\u884c\u4e3a\u5584\u6076\u3001\u4ea7\u751f\u6127\u759a\u6216\u8ba4\u53ef\u7684\u5185\u5728\u610f\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aMany thinkers view conscience as an inborn guide to moral conduct.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u8bb8\u591a\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u5c06\u826f\u77e5\u89c6\u4f5c\u4e0e\u751f\u4ff1\u6765\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u884c\u4e3a\u6307\u5f15\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">17.&nbsp;perspective<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/p\u0259\u02c8spekt\u026av\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u8ba4\u77e5\u7acb\u573a\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u770b\u5f85\u4e16\u754c\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\u3001\u771f\u7406\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u89d2\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aDifferent philosophical schools hold conflicting perspectives on justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4e0d\u540c\u54f2\u5b66\u6d41\u6d3e\u5bf9\u6b63\u4e49\u6301\u6709\u76f8\u4e92\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u89c6\u89d2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">18.&nbsp;phenomenon<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/f\u0259\u02c8n\u0252m\u026an\u0259n\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u73b0\u8c61\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u611f\u77e5\u3001\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u4e8b\u7269\u8868\u8c61\uff0c\u590d\u6570\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3a phenomena\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aPhenomenology focuses on every conscious human phenomenon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u805a\u7126\u4eba\u7c7b\u6240\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">19.&nbsp;essence<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8esns\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u672c\u8d28\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u7c7b\u4e8b\u7269\u3001\u6052\u4e45\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u8d28\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aThe essence of humanity lies in the capacity for rational thought.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4eba\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5728\u4e8e\u62e5\u6709\u7406\u6027\u601d\u8003\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">20.&nbsp;appearance<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u0259\u02c8p\u026a\u0259r\u0259ns\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u8868\u8c61\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4e8b\u7269\u5448\u73b0\u5728\u611f\u5b98\u4e2d\u7684\u5916\u5728\u6837\u8c8c\uff0c\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u771f\u5b9e\u672c\u8d28\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aPlato argued appearances are only imperfect copies of true forms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u63d0\u51fa\u8868\u8c61\u53ea\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u7406\u5ff5\u4e0d\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u590d\u523b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">21.&nbsp;virtue<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8v\u025c\u02d0t\u0283u\u02d0\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u7f8e\u5fb7\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u7a33\u5b9a\u5411\u5584\u3001\u7b26\u5408\u9053\u5fb7\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u5185\u5728\u54c1\u683c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aCourage and honesty are two widely recognized core virtues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u52c7\u6c14\u4e0e\u8bda\u5b9e\u662f\u4e24\u79cd\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7f8e\u5fb7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">22.&nbsp;vice<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/va\u026as\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u6076\u884c\uff0c\u52a3\u6839\u6027\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u8fdd\u80cc\u9053\u5fb7\u3001\u4f24\u5bb3\u81ea\u8eab\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u4e0d\u826f\u54c1\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aPhilosophers often contrast virtues with harmful personal vices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e38\u5c06\u7f8e\u5fb7\u4e0e\u6709\u5bb3\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u6076\u884c\u505a\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">23.&nbsp;motive<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8m\u0259\u028at\u026av\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u52a8\u673a\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u9a71\u52a8\u4eba\u505a\u51fa\u67d0\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5185\u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aDeontology judges moral worth based on a person\u2019s inner motive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u9053\u4e49\u8bba\u4f9d\u636e\u4eba\u5185\u5728\u52a8\u673a\u8bc4\u5224\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">24.&nbsp;consequence<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8k\u0252ns\u026akw\u0259ns\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u540e\u679c\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u884c\u4e3a\u53d1\u751f\u540e\u968f\u4e4b\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aUtilitarianism evaluates actions by their overall positive consequences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u529f\u5229\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f9d\u9760\u884c\u4e3a\u6574\u4f53\u6b63\u5411\u7ed3\u679c\u8bc4\u5224\u884c\u4e3a\u597d\u574f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">25.&nbsp;norm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/n\u0254\u02d0m\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u51c6\u5219\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u7fa4\u4f53\u666e\u904d\u9075\u5b88\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aSocial norms evolve as cultural philosophical beliefs shift over time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u968f\u7740\u6587\u5316\u54f2\u5b66\u89c2\u5ff5\u53d8\u8fc1\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u8303\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6f14\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">26.&nbsp;custom<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8k\u028cst\u0259m\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u4e60\u4fd7\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u957f\u671f\u5ef6\u7eed\u3001\u7ea6\u5b9a\u4fd7\u6210\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aCultural relativism claims moral rules are merely local customs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6587\u5316\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4e49\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9053\u5fb7\u89c4\u8303\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5730\u57df\u4e60\u4fd7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">27.&nbsp;paradox<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8p\u00e6r\u0259d\u0252ks\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u6096\u8bba\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u770b\u4f3c\u81ea\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u3001\u5374\u8574\u542b\u6df1\u5c42\u771f\u7406\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u547d\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aZeno created famous paradoxes to challenge common ideas about motion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u829d\u8bfa\u63d0\u51fa\u8457\u540d\u6096\u8bba\uff0c\u6311\u6218\u5927\u4f17\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u56fa\u6709\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">28.&nbsp;contradiction<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02cck\u0252ntr\u0259\u02c8d\u026ak\u0283n\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u77db\u76fe\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4e24\u4e2a\u65e0\u6cd5\u540c\u65f6\u6210\u7acb\u3001\u76f8\u4e92\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aA valid philosophical theory cannot contain internal contradiction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4e00\u5957\u6709\u6548\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u5185\u5728\u77db\u76fe\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">29.&nbsp;certainty<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8s\u025c\u02d0t\u0259nti\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u786e\u4fe1\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u5b8c\u5168\u6392\u9664\u6000\u7591\u3001\u65e0\u53ef\u52a8\u6447\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u786e\u4fe1\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aDescartes spent his life searching for absolute certainty in knowledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u7a77\u5c3d\u4e00\u751f\u5bfb\u627e\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e2d\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">30.&nbsp;doubt<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/da\u028at\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u6000\u7591\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u5bf9\u89c2\u70b9\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u5b58\u7591\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u6001\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aMethodical doubt is the core research method of Descartes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u666e\u904d\u6000\u7591\u6cd5\u662f\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7814\u7a76\u624b\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">31.&nbsp;justice<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8d\u0292\u028cst\u026as\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u6b63\u4e49\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u5206\u914d\u6743\u5229\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u3001\u5956\u60e9\u65f6\u516c\u5e73\u5408\u7406\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6807\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aRawls\u2019 philosophical work mainly discusses social justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u7f57\u5c14\u65af\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u8457\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8981\u63a2\u8ba8\u793e\u4f1a\u6b63\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">32.&nbsp;freedom<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8fri\u02d0d\u0259m\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u81ea\u7531\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4e0d\u53d7\u5916\u529b\u5f3a\u5236\u3001\u81ea\u4e3b\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aExistentialists believe freedom comes with unavoidable responsibility.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u65e0\u6cd5\u9003\u907f\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">33.&nbsp;instinct<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8\u026anst\u026a\u014bkt\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u672c\u80fd\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u751f\u7269\u4e0e\u751f\u4ff1\u6765\u3001\u65e0\u9700\u540e\u5929\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u51b2\u52a8\uff0c\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u7406\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aAnimals act by instinct, while humans rely on rational thought.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u52a8\u7269\u4f9d\u9760\u672c\u80fd\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5219\u4f9d\u9760\u7406\u6027\u601d\u8003\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">34.&nbsp;logic<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8l\u0252d\u0292\u026ak\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u903b\u8f91\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u89c4\u8303\u63a8\u7406\u3001\u8fa8\u522b\u8bba\u8bc1\u6709\u6548\u4e0e\u5426\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u89c4\u5219\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aAll formal philosophical arguments must follow strict logic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u8bba\u8bc1\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u9075\u5faa\u4e25\u8c28\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">35.&nbsp;fallacy<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8f\u00e6l\u0259si\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u903b\u8f91\u8c2c\u8bef\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u63a8\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7f3a\u9677\u3001\u65e0\u6cd5\u6709\u6548\u652f\u6491\u7ed3\u8bba\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u8bba\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aPhilosophers learn to identify various fallacies in daily arguments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5b66\u4e60\u8bc6\u522b\u65e5\u5e38\u8bba\u8bc1\u91cc\u5404\u7c7b\u903b\u8f91\u8c2c\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">36.&nbsp;truth<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/tru\u02d0\u03b8\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u771f\u7406\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u7b26\u5408\u5ba2\u89c2\u5b9e\u5728\u3001\u5177\u5907\u53ef\u9760\u4f9d\u636e\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u5224\u65ad\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aDifferent schools define the standard of truth in completely different ways.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4e0d\u540c\u6d41\u6d3e\u5b9a\u4e49\u771f\u7406\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">37.&nbsp;illusion<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u026a\u02c8lu\u02d0\u0292n\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u5e7b\u8c61\uff0c\u5047\u8c61\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u611f\u5b98\u5236\u9020\u7684\u865a\u5047\u8868\u8c61\uff0c\u548c\u4e8b\u7269\u771f\u5b9e\u672c\u8d28\u4e0d\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aPlato thought the material world people see is just an illusion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u6240\u89c1\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u4e16\u754c\u53ea\u662f\u5e7b\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">38.&nbsp;identity<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/a\u026a\u02c8dent\u0259ti\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u81ea\u6211\u540c\u4e00\u6027\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u8eab\u4efd\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4eba\u6216\u4e8b\u7269\u6052\u5b9a\u4e0d\u53d8\u3001\u533a\u5206\u4e8e\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u6839\u672c\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aPhilosophers have debated personal identity for thousands of years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6570\u5343\u5e74\u6765\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u4e89\u8bba\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u6211\u540c\u4e00\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">39.&nbsp;agency<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8e\u026ad\u0292\u0259nsi\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u81ea\u4e3b\u884c\u52a8\u529b\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e3b\u52a8\u505a\u51fa\u81ea\u4e3b\u9009\u62e9\u3001\u5b9e\u65bd\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aMoral judgment only applies to people with full human agency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u9053\u5fb7\u8bc4\u5224\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u62e5\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u81ea\u4e3b\u884c\u52a8\u529b\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">40.&nbsp;humanity<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/hju\u02d0\u02c8m\u00e6n\u0259ti\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u4eba\u6027\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u672c\u8d28\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4eba\u7c7b\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u7269\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u6839\u672c\u7279\u8d28\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aAristotle defined humanity as rational animal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u5c06\u4eba\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u62e5\u6709\u7406\u6027\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">41.&nbsp;relativity<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02ccrel\u0259\u02c8t\u026av\u0259ti\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u76f8\u5bf9\u6027\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4ef7\u503c\u3001\u771f\u7406\u3001\u6807\u51c6\u6ca1\u6709\u7edd\u5bf9\u56fa\u5b9a\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u968f\u89c6\u89d2\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aEthical relativity denies universal fixed moral rules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4f26\u7406\u76f8\u5bf9\u6027\u5426\u8ba4\u666e\u9002\u3001\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u51c6\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">42.&nbsp;absolutism<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8\u00e6bs\u0259lu\u02d0t\u026az\u0259m\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4e49\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4e3b\u5f20\u5b58\u5728\u6c38\u6052\u3001\u4e0d\u53d8\u3001\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e00\u5207\u573a\u666f\u7684\u771f\u7406\u4e0e\u9053\u5fb7\u51c6\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aKant\u2019s moral theory is a typical example of ethical absolutism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u4f26\u7406\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5178\u578b\u4ee3\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">43.&nbsp;reflection<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/r\u026a\u02c8flek\u0283n\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u53cd\u601d\uff0c\u601d\u8fa8\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4e3b\u52a8\u5ba1\u89c6\u81ea\u8eab\u89c2\u5ff5\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u601d\u8003\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aPhilosophy begins with constant reflection on human life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u54f2\u5b66\u59cb\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4eba\u751f\u6301\u7eed\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">44.&nbsp;limitation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02ccl\u026am\u026a\u02c8te\u026a\u0283n\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u8ba4\u77e5\u5c40\u9650\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4eba\u7c7b\u611f\u5b98\u3001\u7406\u6027\u672c\u8eab\u81ea\u5e26\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0e\u7f3a\u9677\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aKant\u2019s work explores the limitation of human reason.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u63a2\u7a76\u4eba\u7c7b\u7406\u6027\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u5c40\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">45.&nbsp;harmony<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8h\u0251\u02d0m\u0259ni\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u548c\u8c10\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4e2a\u4f53\u3001\u7fa4\u4f53\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e73\u8861\u65e0\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aAncient Chinese philosophers pursued harmony between man and nature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u8ffd\u6c42\u4eba\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u548c\u8c10\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">46.&nbsp;chaos<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8ke\u026a\u0252s\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u6df7\u6c8c\uff0c\u65e0\u5e8f\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u7f3a\u4e4f\u79e9\u5e8f\u3001\u65e0\u56fa\u5b9a\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u65e0\u5e8f\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4e0e\u79e9\u5e8f\u76f8\u5bf9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aCosmology discusses how order emerges from chaos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5b87\u5b99\u8bba\u63a2\u8ba8\u79e9\u5e8f\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u6df7\u6c8c\u4e2d\u8bde\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">47.&nbsp;order<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8\u0254\u02d0d\u0259(r)\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u79e9\u5e8f\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4e8b\u7269\u7a33\u5b9a\u3001\u6709\u89c4\u5f8b\u3001\u6761\u7406\u5206\u660e\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5bf9\u7acb\u4e8e\u6df7\u6c8c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aMany ancient philosophers believed the universe follows natural order.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u8bf8\u591a\u53e4\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b87\u5b99\u9075\u5faa\u81ea\u7136\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">48.&nbsp;subjectivity<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02ccs\u028cbd\u0292ek\u02c8t\u026av\u0259ti\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u4e3b\u89c2\u6027\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u3001\u611f\u53d7\u53d7\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u8eab\u60c5\u7eea\u3001\u89c6\u89d2\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u5b8c\u5168\u5ba2\u89c2\u6807\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aSubjectivity leads different people to judge the same event differently.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4e3b\u89c2\u6027\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e0d\u540c\u4eba\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u540c\u8bc4\u5224\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">49.&nbsp;objectivity<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02cc\u0252bd\u0292ek\u02c8t\u026av\u0259ti\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u5ba2\u89c2\u6027\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u8131\u79bb\u4e2a\u4eba\u60c5\u7eea\u3001\u79c1\u4eba\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u4f9d\u636e\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e8b\u5b9e\u505a\u51fa\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aAcademic philosophy requires high objectivity of arguments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5b66\u9662\u6d3e\u54f2\u5b66\u8981\u6c42\u8bba\u8bc1\u5177\u5907\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5ba2\u89c2\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">50.&nbsp;teleology<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02ccti\u02d0li\u02c8\u0252l\u0259d\u0292i\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u54f2\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e07\u7269\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u8fd0\u52a8\u7686\u6709\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u76ee\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aAristotle\u2019s natural philosophy is built around teleology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u54f2\u5b66\u4ee5\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u6784\u5efa\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd4\u56de\u9996\u9875<a href=\"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/2026\/07\/06\/%e6%89%98%e7%a6%8f%ef%bc%9a%e4%ba%ba%e6%96%87%e5%ad%a6%e7%a7%91%e8%af%8d%e6%b1%87%e7%9b%ae%e5%bd%95\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"24596\">\u6258\u798f\uff1a\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\u8bcd\u6c47\u76ee\u5f55<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a\u6258\u798f\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u8bcd\u6c47\u76ee\u5f55&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[508],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24520","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-508"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24520","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24520"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24520\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24520"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24520"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24520"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}