{"id":24533,"date":"2026-07-06T18:15:48","date_gmt":"2026-07-06T10:15:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/?p=24533"},"modified":"2026-07-14T10:08:02","modified_gmt":"2026-07-14T02:08:02","slug":"5-%e6%89%98%e7%a6%8f%e8%af%8d%e6%b1%87%ef%bc%9a%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%a6%e7%b1%bb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/2026\/07\/06\/5-%e6%89%98%e7%a6%8f%e8%af%8d%e6%b1%87%ef%bc%9a%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%a6%e7%b1%bb\/","title":{"rendered":"5.\u6258\u798f\u8bcd\u6c47\uff1a\u54f2\u5b66\u7c7b"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a<a href=\"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/2026\/07\/06\/%e6%89%98%e7%a6%8f%ef%bc%9a%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%a6%e8%af%8d%e6%b1%87%e7%9b%ae%e5%bd%95\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"24314\">\u6258\u798f\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u8bcd\u6c47\u76ee\u5f55<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.&nbsp;abstraction<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u00e6b\u02c8str\u00e6k\u0283n\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u62bd\u8c61\uff1b\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u8131\u79bb\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u7269\uff0c\u63d0\u70bc\u51fa\u5171\u901a\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u4ea7\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aJustice and goodness are key abstractions in moral philosophy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6b63\u4e49\u4e0e\u5584\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b66\u4e2d\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2.&nbsp;apprehension<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02cc\u00e6pr\u026a\u02c8hen\u0283n\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u8ba4\u77e5\uff1b\u9886\u4f1a\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u5fc3\u7075\u5bf9\u4e8b\u7269\u8868\u8c61\u3001\u6982\u5ff5\u521d\u6b65\u7406\u89e3\u4e0e\u628a\u63e1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aDirect apprehension of reality does not rely on logical reasoning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5bf9\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u76f4\u89c2\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u903b\u8f91\u63a8\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.&nbsp;autonomy<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u0254\u02d0\u02c8t\u0252n\u0259mi\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u81ea\u4e3b\uff1b\u81ea\u5f8b\u6743\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e0d\u53d7\u5916\u529b\u64cd\u63a7\uff0c\u4f9d\u9760\u81ea\u8eab\u7406\u6027\u505a\u9053\u5fb7\u6289\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aMoral autonomy is the core concept of Kant\u2019s ethical theory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u9053\u5fb7\u81ea\u4e3b\u662f\u5eb7\u5fb7\u4f26\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.&nbsp;bias<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8ba\u026a\u0259s\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u504f\u89c1\uff1b\u8ba4\u77e5\u504f\u5411\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u53d7\u60c5\u7eea\u3001\u73af\u5883\u5e72\u6270\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u7247\u9762\u4e3b\u89c2\u503e\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aPhilosophers must eliminate personal bias to pursue objective truth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5fc5\u987b\u6452\u5f03\u4e2a\u4eba\u504f\u89c1\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6c42\u5ba2\u89c2\u771f\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.&nbsp;bliss<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/bl\u026as\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u81f3\u798f\uff1b\u6781\u81f4\u7cbe\u795e\u6109\u60a6\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u8d85\u8131\u6b32\u671b\u3001\u6301\u4e45\u5b89\u5b81\u7684\u5b8c\u6ee1\u7cbe\u795e\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aMany ancient philosophers regard inner bliss as life\u2019s ultimate goal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u8bb8\u591a\u53e4\u4ee3\u54f2\u4eba\u5c06\u5185\u5fc3\u81f3\u798f\u89c6\u4f5c\u4eba\u751f\u7ec8\u6781\u8ffd\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6.&nbsp;cogency<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8k\u0259\u028ad\u0292\u0259nsi\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\uff1b\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e25\u8c28\u6027\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u903b\u8f91\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e25\u5bc6\u3001\u8db3\u4ee5\u652f\u6491\u7ed3\u8bba\u7684\u7279\u8d28\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aThe cogency of an argument depends on solid premises.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4e00\u6bb5\u8bba\u8bc1\u7684\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7.&nbsp;cognition<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/k\u0252\u0261\u02c8n\u026a\u0283n\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u8ba4\u77e5\uff1b\u8ba4\u8bc6\u6d3b\u52a8\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4eba\u7c7b\u611f\u77e5\u3001\u601d\u8003\u3001\u7406\u89e3\u4e00\u5207\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aEpistemology analyzes the whole process of human cognition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u89e3\u6790\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">8.&nbsp;communalism<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8k\u0252mj\u0259n\u0259l\u026az\u0259m\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u793e\u7fa4\u4e3b\u4e49\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e2a\u4eba\u4ef7\u503c\u4f9d\u6258\u96c6\u4f53\u793e\u7fa4\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u601d\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aCommunalism criticizes the extreme individualism of existentialism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u793e\u7fa4\u4e3b\u4e49\u6279\u5224\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">9.&nbsp;conception<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/k\u0259n\u02c8sep\u0283n\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u89c2\u5ff5\uff1b\u6784\u60f3\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4eba\u5fc3\u4e2d\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e00\u4e8b\u7269\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u7406\u89e3\u4e0e\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aDifferent cultures hold distinct conceptions of happiness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u5316\u62e5\u6709\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">10.&nbsp;consensus<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/k\u0259n\u02c8sens\u0259s\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u5171\u8bc6\uff1b\u5171\u540c\u8ba4\u77e5\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u591a\u65b9\u601d\u8fa8\u540e\u8fbe\u6210\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u5224\u65ad\u6216\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aThere is no universal consensus on the definition of freedom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5168\u7403\u7edf\u4e00\u5171\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">11.&nbsp;contemplation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02cck\u0252nt\u0259m\u02c8ple\u026a\u0283n\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u6c89\u601d\uff1b\u9759\u89c2\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u6452\u5f03\u6742\u5ff5\u3001\u4e13\u6ce8\u601d\u7d22\u771f\u7406\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u51a5\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aPlato believed truth reveals itself through quiet contemplation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u8ba4\u4e3a\u771f\u7406\u4f1a\u5728\u6c89\u9759\u6c89\u601d\u4e2d\u663e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">12.&nbsp;convention<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/k\u0259n\u02c8ven\u0283n\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u60ef\u4f8b\uff1b\u4e16\u4fd7\u89c4\u7ea6\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u7ea6\u5b9a\u4fd7\u6210\u3001\u65e0\u7edd\u5bf9\u7406\u6027\u6839\u57fa\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u51c6\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aCritics argue that many moral rules are merely social conventions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6279\u5224\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8bb8\u591a\u9053\u5fb7\u89c4\u5219\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u60ef\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">13.&nbsp;credence<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8kri\u02d0dns\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\uff1b\u91c7\u4fe1\u5ea6\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4eba\u4eec\u7ed9\u4e88\u67d0\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u3001\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u76f8\u4fe1\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aSkeptics refuse to give full credence to sensory experience alone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6000\u7591\u8bba\u8005\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ec5\u51ed\u611f\u5b98\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5b8c\u5168\u91c7\u4fe1\u67d0\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">14.&nbsp;decadence<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8dek\u0259d\u0259ns\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u9053\u5fb7\u8870\u8d25\uff1b\u7cbe\u795e\u5815\u843d\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e27\u5931\u5fb7\u884c\u3001\u6c89\u6eba\u6b32\u671b\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u9893\u8d25\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aStoics warned that material desire leads to moral decadence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u65af\u591a\u845b\u5b66\u6d3e\u8b66\u793a\u7269\u8d28\u6b32\u671b\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u9053\u5fb7\u8870\u8d25\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">15.&nbsp;deliberation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/d\u026a\u02ccl\u026ab\u0259\u02c8re\u026a\u0283n\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u5ba1\u614e\u601d\u8fa8\uff1b\u659f\u914c\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u6743\u8861\u5229\u5f0a\u3001\u7406\u6027\u5206\u6790\u540e\u518d\u505a\u51fa\u9053\u5fb7\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aSound moral decisions require careful deliberation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5408\u7406\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6289\u62e9\u9700\u8981\u7ec6\u81f4\u5ba1\u614e\u7684\u601d\u8fa8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">16.&nbsp;discernment<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/d\u026a\u02c8s\u025c\u02d0nm\u0259nt\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u8fa8\u522b\u529b\uff1b\u5224\u65ad\u529b\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u5206\u8fa8\u5584\u6076\u3001\u8868\u8c61\u4e0e\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aPhilosophical training improves moral discernment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u54f2\u5b66\u8bad\u7ec3\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u5347\u9053\u5fb7\u8fa8\u522b\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">17.&nbsp;dogma<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8d\u0252\u0261m\u0259\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u6559\u6761\uff1b\u72ec\u65ad\u4fe1\u6761\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4e0d\u5bb9\u8d28\u7591\u3001\u7981\u6b62\u601d\u8fa8\u7684\u56fa\u5316\u56fa\u5b9a\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aTrue philosophers reject blind obedience to any dogma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u62d2\u7edd\u76f2\u4ece\u4efb\u4f55\u6559\u6761\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">18.&nbsp;duty<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8dju\u02d0ti\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u4e49\u52a1\uff1b\u672c\u5206\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4f26\u7406\u5c42\u9762\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u5c65\u884c\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a8\u8131\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aDeontology centers on the performance of moral duty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4e49\u52a1\u8bba\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u5c65\u884c\u9053\u5fb7\u672c\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">19.&nbsp;edification<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02cced\u026af\u026a\u02c8ke\u026a\u0283n\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u7cbe\u795e\u6559\u5316\uff1b\u542f\u8fea\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u601d\u8fa8\u3001\u8bba\u8fa9\u63d0\u5347\u5fc3\u7075\u5fb7\u884c\u4e0e\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aDialogue between philosophers brings mutual edification.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u54f2\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u80fd\u591f\u5e26\u6765\u76f8\u4e92\u7cbe\u795e\u542f\u8fea\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">20.&nbsp;empiricist<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u026am\u02c8p\u026ar\u026as\u026ast\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u575a\u6301\u77e5\u8bc6\u5168\u90e8\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u611f\u5b98\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aLocke and Hume are two famous British empiricists.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6d1b\u514b\u4e0e\u4f11\u8c1f\u662f\u4e24\u4f4d\u77e5\u540d\u82f1\u56fd\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">21.&nbsp;endurance<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u026an\u02c8dj\u028a\u0259r\u0259ns\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u9690\u5fcd\uff1b\u7cbe\u795e\u8010\u529b\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u627f\u53d7\u82e6\u96be\u3001\u575a\u5b88\u5fb7\u884c\u4e0d\u5d29\u6e83\u7684\u5185\u5fc3\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aStoicism highly values emotional endurance against misfortune.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u65af\u591a\u845b\u5b66\u6d3e\u6781\u5ea6\u63a8\u5d07\u9762\u5bf9\u5384\u8fd0\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u9690\u5fcd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">22.&nbsp;essence<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8esns\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u672c\u8d28\u6838\u5fc3\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u6784\u6210\u4e8b\u7269\u8eab\u4efd\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u5265\u79bb\u7684\u6839\u672c\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aWe must distinguish superficial traits from inner essence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u533a\u5206\u5916\u5728\u8868\u8c61\u4e0e\u5185\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u6838\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">23.&nbsp;ethics<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8e\u03b8\u026aks\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\uff1b\u9053\u5fb7\u4f53\u7cfb\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4e13\u95e8\u7814\u7a76\u5584\u6076\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\u51c6\u5219\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5206\u652f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aEthics answers how humans ought to behave properly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u89e3\u7b54\u4eba\u7c7b\u5e94\u5f53\u5982\u4f55\u89c4\u8303\u81ea\u8eab\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">24.&nbsp;fallibility<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02ccf\u00e6l\u0259\u02c8b\u026al\u0259ti\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u53ef\u9519\u6027\uff1b\u8ba4\u77e5\u5c40\u9650\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7406\u6027\u3001\u611f\u77e5\u5929\u751f\u5b58\u5728\u51fa\u9519\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aRecognizing human fallibility is the starting point of skepticism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u627f\u8ba4\u4eba\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u53ef\u9519\u6027\u662f\u6000\u7591\u8bba\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">25.&nbsp;fatalist<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8fe\u026at\u0259l\u026ast\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u5bbf\u547d\u8bba\u8005\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e00\u5207\u547d\u8fd0\u65e9\u5df2\u9884\u5148\u6ce8\u5b9a\u3001\u65e0\u6cd5\u66f4\u6539\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aA fatalist tends to give up personal efforts against hardships.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5bbf\u547d\u8bba\u8005\u5f80\u5f80\u653e\u5f03\u5bf9\u6297\u56f0\u5883\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u52aa\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">26.&nbsp;fidelity<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/f\u026a\u02c8del\u0259ti\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u5fe0\u4fe1\uff1b\u9053\u5fb7\u575a\u5b88\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u575a\u5b88\u9053\u5fb7\u51c6\u5219\u3001\u4fe1\u5b88\u627f\u8bfa\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u54c1\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aFidelity to virtue remains vital in all ethical systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u575a\u5b88\u5fb7\u884c\u5728\u6240\u6709\u4f26\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u90fd\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">27.&nbsp;foresight<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8f\u0254\u02d0sa\u026at\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u8fdc\u89c1\uff1b\u9884\u5224\u601d\u8fa8\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u7406\u6027\u9884\u5224\u884c\u4e3a\u957f\u8fdc\u540e\u679c\u7684\u601d\u8003\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aUtilitarianism requires moral foresight of all outcomes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u529f\u5229\u4e3b\u4e49\u8981\u6c42\u9884\u5224\u6240\u6709\u884c\u4e3a\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u8fdc\u89c1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">28.&nbsp;fundamental<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02ccf\u028cnd\u0259\u02c8mentl\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u6839\u672c\u539f\u7406\uff1b\u57fa\u7840\u51c6\u5219\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u6574\u5957\u601d\u60f3\u4f53\u7cfb\u8d56\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6839\u57fa\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aEquality is one fundamental of modern liberal philosophy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5e73\u7b49\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u6839\u672c\u51c6\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">29.&nbsp;genesis<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8d\u0292en\u0259s\u026as\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u672c\u6e90\uff1b\u8d77\u6e90\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4e8b\u7269\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u5b87\u5b99\u6700\u521d\u8bde\u751f\u7684\u6e90\u5934\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aMetaphysics explores the genesis of all material existence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u63a2\u7a76\u4e00\u5207\u7269\u8d28\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u672c\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">30.&nbsp;goodwill<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02cc\u0261\u028ad\u02c8w\u026al\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u5584\u5ff5\uff1b\u9053\u5fb7\u5584\u610f\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4e0d\u5e26\u529f\u5229\u3001\u7eaf\u7cb9\u5411\u5584\u7684\u5185\u5fc3\u52a8\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aKant argues that only goodwill possesses unconditional moral worth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5eb7\u5fb7\u63d0\u51fa\u552f\u6709\u5584\u5ff5\u62e5\u6709\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">31.&nbsp;hierarchy<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8ha\u026a\u0259r\u0251\u02d0ki\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u4ef7\u503c\u5c42\u7ea7\uff1b\u79e9\u5e8f\u7b49\u7ea7\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u5404\u7c7b\u5584\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\u6309\u7167\u91cd\u8981\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5212\u5206\u7684\u9ad8\u4f4e\u6b21\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aAncient philosophers built a hierarchy of human desires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u53e4\u4ee3\u54f2\u4eba\u642d\u5efa\u51fa\u4eba\u7c7b\u6b32\u671b\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u5c42\u7ea7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">32.&nbsp;holism<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8h\u0259\u028al\u026az\u0259m\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u6574\u4f53\u8bba\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6574\u4f53\u5927\u4e8e\u5c40\u90e8\u7b80\u5355\u76f8\u52a0\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aHolism rejects splitting human mind and body into separate parts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6574\u4f53\u8bba\u53cd\u5bf9\u5c06\u5fc3\u7075\u4e0e\u8089\u4f53\u5272\u88c2\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">33.&nbsp;humanity<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/hju\u02d0\u02c8m\u00e6n\u0259ti\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u4eba\u9053\uff1b\u4eba\u6027\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4eba\u7c7b\u5171\u901a\u7684\u5584\u826f\u3001\u5171\u60c5\u3001\u7406\u6027\u7b49\u7279\u8d28\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aAll ethical theories advocate respect for humanity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u4f26\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u90fd\u5021\u5bfc\u5c0a\u91cd\u4eba\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">34.&nbsp;hypothesis<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/ha\u026a\u02c8p\u0252\u03b8\u0259s\u026as\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u5047\u8bf4\uff1b\u7406\u8bba\u731c\u60f3\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u672a\u7ecf\u5b8c\u5168\u8bc1\u5b9e\u3001\u7528\u4e8e\u903b\u8f91\u63a8\u6f14\u7684\u9884\u8bbe\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aPhilosophers test every hypothesis through logical debate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u901a\u8fc7\u903b\u8f91\u8fa9\u8bba\u68c0\u9a8c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u5047\u8bf4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">35.&nbsp;idealist<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/a\u026a\u02c8di\u02d0\u0259l\u026ast\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u552f\u5fc3\u8bba\u8005\uff1b\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7cbe\u795e\u3001\u7406\u5ff5\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u672c\u6e90\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u652f\u6301\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aPlato is one of the most influential ancient idealists.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u662f\u6781\u5177\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u53e4\u4ee3\u552f\u5fc3\u8bba\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">36.&nbsp;identity<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/a\u026a\u02c8dent\u0259ti\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u540c\u4e00\u6027\uff1b\u81ea\u6211\u672c\u8d28\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4eba\u6216\u4e8b\u7269\u8de8\u8d8a\u65f6\u95f4\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u81ea\u8eab\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aThe problem of personal identity puzzles many philosophers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4e2a\u4eba\u540c\u4e00\u6027\u96be\u9898\u56f0\u6270\u7740\u4f17\u591a\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">37.&nbsp;impartiality<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u026am\u02ccp\u0251\u02d0\u0283i\u02c8\u00e6l\u0259ti\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u516c\u6b63\uff1b\u65e0\u504f\u79c1\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u8bc4\u5224\u662f\u975e\u65f6\u629b\u5f00\u4e2a\u4eba\u60c5\u611f\u3001\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u4e2d\u7acb\u7acb\u573a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aImpartiality is a basic requirement for justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u65e0\u504f\u79c1\u516c\u6b63\u662f\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">38.&nbsp;inclination<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02cc\u026a\u014bkl\u026a\u02c8ne\u026a\u0283n\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u672c\u80fd\u503e\u5411\uff1b\u6b32\u671b\u504f\u597d\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4eba\u5929\u751f\u81ea\u53d1\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u3001\u6b32\u671b\u51b2\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aKant claims moral actions overcome natural inclination.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9053\u5fb7\u884c\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u514b\u670d\u672c\u80fd\u6b32\u671b\u503e\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">39.&nbsp;individualism<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02cc\u026and\u026a\u02c8v\u026ad\u0292u\u0259l\u026az\u0259m\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u5c06\u4e2a\u4f53\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\u7f6e\u4e8e\u96c6\u4f53\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aExistentialism strongly emphasizes philosophical individualism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u6781\u529b\u63a8\u5d07\u54f2\u5b66\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">40.&nbsp;insight<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8\u026ansa\u026at\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u6d1e\u89c1\uff1b\u6df1\u5c42\u9886\u609f\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u77ac\u95f4\u770b\u900f\u8868\u8c61\u3001\u76f4\u8fbe\u4e8b\u7269\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aGreat philosophical insights often arise from long meditation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u6d1e\u89c1\u5f80\u5f80\u8bde\u751f\u4e8e\u957f\u4e45\u6c89\u601d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">41.&nbsp;integrity<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u026an\u02c8te\u0261r\u0259ti\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u5fb7\u6027\u5b8c\u6574\uff1b\u6b63\u76f4\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u8a00\u884c\u3001\u5185\u5fc3\u9053\u5fb7\u6807\u51c6\u59cb\u7ec8\u7edf\u4e00\u65e0\u5206\u88c2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aA philosopher must maintain intellectual integrity at all times.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5fc5\u987b\u65f6\u523b\u4fdd\u6301\u601d\u60f3\u5fb7\u6027\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6b63\u76f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">42.&nbsp;intellect<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8\u026ant\u0259lekt\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u7406\u667a\uff1b\u601d\u8fa8\u5fc3\u667a\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u903b\u8f91\u3001\u62bd\u8c61\u601d\u8003\u3001\u5206\u8fa8\u771f\u7406\u7684\u5fc3\u7075\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aHuman intellect distinguishes humans from other creatures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7406\u667a\u5c06\u4eba\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u7269\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">43.&nbsp;introspection<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02cc\u026antr\u0259\u02c8spek\u0283n\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u5185\u7701\uff1b\u81ea\u6211\u53cd\u601d\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u5411\u5185\u5ba1\u89c6\u81ea\u8eab\u6b32\u671b\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u4e0e\u9053\u5fb7\u52a8\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aSocrates encouraged constant introspection for self-improvement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u82cf\u683c\u62c9\u5e95\u63d0\u5021\u6301\u7eed\u5185\u7701\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u6211\u5b8c\u5584\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">44.&nbsp;intuitionist<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02cc\u026antju\u02c8\u026a\u0283\u0259n\u026ast\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u76f4\u89c9\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u76f8\u4fe1\u5584\u6076\u4f9d\u9760\u5185\u5fc3\u76f4\u89c9\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u590d\u6742\u63a8\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aIntuitionists believe moral truth appears instantly to the mind.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u76f4\u89c9\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9053\u5fb7\u771f\u7406\u4f1a\u5373\u523b\u663e\u73b0\u4e8e\u5185\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">45.&nbsp;kinship<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8k\u026an\u0283\u026ap\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u5171\u60c5\u4eb2\u7f18\uff1b\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u8054\u7ed3\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u57fa\u4e8e\u5171\u901a\u4eba\u6027\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u8054\u7ed3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aMany moral codes are built on a sense of universal kinship.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u8bb8\u591a\u9053\u5fb7\u51c6\u5219\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u666e\u4e16\u4eba\u6027\u5171\u60c5\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">46.&nbsp;liberation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02ccl\u026ab\u0259\u02c8re\u026a\u0283n\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u7cbe\u795e\u89e3\u653e\uff1b\u81ea\u7531\u89e3\u8131\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u6446\u8131\u6b32\u671b\u3001\u504f\u89c1\u3001\u4e16\u4fd7\u89c4\u8bad\u675f\u7f1a\u7684\u5fc3\u7075\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aEastern philosophies pursue inner liberation from material craving.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4e1c\u65b9\u54f2\u5b66\u8ffd\u6c42\u8131\u79bb\u7269\u8d28\u6e34\u6c42\u7684\u5185\u5728\u7cbe\u795e\u89e3\u653e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">47.&nbsp;manifesto<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02ccm\u00e6n\u026a\u02c8fest\u0259\u028a\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u601d\u60f3\u5ba3\u8a00\uff1b\u54f2\u5b66\u7eb2\u9886\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u9610\u8ff0\u4e00\u5957\u5b8c\u6574\u54f2\u5b66\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u4e66\u9762\u8bba\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aThis manifesto outlines the core beliefs of existentialism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u8fd9\u4efd\u5ba3\u8a00\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4e3b\u5f20\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">48.&nbsp;maxim<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8m\u00e6ks\u026am\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u9053\u5fb7\u51c6\u5219\uff1b\u884c\u4e3a\u7bb4\u8a00\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u6307\u5bfc\u65e5\u5e38\u9053\u5fb7\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u7b80\u77ed\u901a\u7528\u539f\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aKant transforms personal maxims into universal moral laws.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5c06\u4e2a\u4eba\u884c\u4e3a\u51c6\u5219\u5347\u534e\u4e3a\u666e\u4e16\u9053\u5fb7\u6cd5\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">49.&nbsp;moderation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02ccm\u0252d\u0259\u02c8re\u026a\u0283n\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u4e2d\u5eb8\uff1b\u9002\u5ea6\u8282\u5236\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u907f\u514d\u6781\u7aef\u3001\u5e73\u8861\u6b32\u671b\u4e0e\u7406\u6027\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5fb7\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aAristotle regards moderation as the center of all virtues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u5c06\u4e2d\u5eb8\u89c6\u4f5c\u4e00\u5207\u7f8e\u5fb7\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">50.&nbsp;mutability<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02ccmju\u02d0t\u0259\u02c8b\u026al\u0259ti\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u6613\u53d8\u6027\uff1b\u4e07\u7269\u6d41\u53d8\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4e16\u95f4\u4e00\u5207\u8868\u8c61\u6301\u7eed\u53d8\u5316\u3001\u65e0\u6cd5\u6052\u4e45\u7684\u7279\u8d28\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aAncient Greek philosophers studied the mutability of all natural things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u54f2\u4eba\u7814\u7a76\u4e07\u7269\u81ea\u7136\u8868\u8c61\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u6d41\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd4\u56de\u9996\u9875<a href=\"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/2026\/07\/06\/%e6%89%98%e7%a6%8f%ef%bc%9a%e4%ba%ba%e6%96%87%e5%ad%a6%e7%a7%91%e8%af%8d%e6%b1%87%e7%9b%ae%e5%bd%95\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"24596\">\u6258\u798f\uff1a\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\u8bcd\u6c47\u76ee\u5f55<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a\u6258\u798f\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u8bcd\u6c47\u76ee\u5f55&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[508],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24533","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-508"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24533","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24533"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24533\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24533"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24533"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24533"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}