{"id":24537,"date":"2026-07-06T18:22:58","date_gmt":"2026-07-06T10:22:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/?p=24537"},"modified":"2026-07-14T10:08:02","modified_gmt":"2026-07-14T02:08:02","slug":"7-%e6%89%98%e7%a6%8f%e8%af%8d%e6%b1%87%ef%bc%9a%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%a6%e7%b1%bb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/2026\/07\/06\/7-%e6%89%98%e7%a6%8f%e8%af%8d%e6%b1%87%ef%bc%9a%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%a6%e7%b1%bb\/","title":{"rendered":"7.\u6258\u798f\u8bcd\u6c47\uff1a\u54f2\u5b66\u7c7b"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a<a href=\"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/2026\/07\/05\/%e6%89%98%e7%a6%8f%ef%bc%9a%e5%8c%bb%e5%ad%a6%e7%b1%bb%e8%af%8d%e6%b1%87%e7%9b%ae%e5%bd%95\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"24132\">\u6258\u798f\uff1a\u533b\u5b66\u7c7b\u8bcd\u6c47\u76ee\u5f55<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.&nbsp;alienation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02cce\u026ali\u0259\u02c8ne\u026a\u0283n\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u5f02\u5316\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4eba\u4e0e\u81ea\u6211\u3001\u4ed6\u4eba\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5272\u88c2\u758f\u79bb\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aMarx\u2019s philosophy analyzes the alienation of workers under industrial systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u54f2\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u4e1a\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0b\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u5f02\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2.&nbsp;amalgamation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u0259\u02ccm\u00e6l\u0261\u0259\u02c8me\u026a\u0283n\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u601d\u60f3\u878d\u5408\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u591a\u79cd\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u8bba\u76f8\u4e92\u7ed3\u5408\u5f62\u6210\u65b0\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aThe amalgamation of Eastern and Western thoughts formed unique philosophy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4e1c\u897f\u65b9\u601d\u60f3\u878d\u5408\u8bde\u751f\u4e86\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.&nbsp;animism<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8\u00e6n\u026am\u026az\u0259m\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u6cdb\u7075\u8bba\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e07\u7269\u7686\u62e5\u6709\u7cbe\u795e\u7075\u9b42\u7684\u53e4\u8001\u54f2\u5b66\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aAncient tribal animism regards trees and rivers as spiritual beings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u53e4\u4ee3\u90e8\u843d\u6cdb\u7075\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6811\u6728\u6cb3\u6d41\u90fd\u5177\u5907\u7075\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.&nbsp;apathy<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8\u00e6p\u0259\u03b8i\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u65e0\u52a8\u4e8e\u8877\uff1b\u6de1\u6f20\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u5bf9\u5584\u6076\u3001\u82e6\u96be\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5171\u60c5\u4e0e\u4ef7\u503c\u5173\u5207\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aPhilosophers warn that moral apathy erodes social justice gradually.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u8b66\u793a\u9053\u5fb7\u51b7\u6f20\u4f1a\u9010\u6b65\u4fb5\u8680\u793e\u4f1a\u6b63\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.&nbsp;arbitrariness<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8\u0251\u02d0b\u026atr\u0259rin\u0259s\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u4e3b\u89c2\u4efb\u610f\u6027\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u89c4\u5219\u3001\u5224\u65ad\u65e0\u5ba2\u89c2\u7406\u6027\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u4ec5\u51ed\u4e2a\u4eba\u559c\u597d\u800c\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aSkeptics criticize the arbitrariness of many traditional moral rules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6000\u7591\u8bba\u8005\u6279\u5224\u8bb8\u591a\u4f20\u7edf\u9053\u5fb7\u89c4\u8303\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u89c2\u4efb\u610f\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6.&nbsp;autonomy<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u0254\u02d0\u02c8t\u0252n\u0259mi\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u81ea\u5f8b\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4e2a\u4f53\u4f9d\u9760\u81ea\u8eab\u7406\u6027\u81ea\u4e3b\u8ba2\u7acb\u9053\u5fb7\u6cd5\u5219\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aPersonal autonomy is the core value of liberal ethical thought.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4e2a\u4f53\u81ea\u5f8b\u81ea\u4e3b\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f26\u7406\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7.&nbsp;barbarism<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8b\u0251\u02d0b\u0259r\u026az\u0259m\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u8499\u6627\u4e3b\u4e49\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u62d2\u7edd\u7406\u6027\u601d\u8fa8\u3001\u4f9d\u9760\u539f\u59cb\u672c\u80fd\u884c\u4e8b\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aEnlightenment philosophers fought against religious barbarism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u542f\u8499\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u6781\u529b\u53cd\u6297\u5b97\u6559\u8499\u6627\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">8.&nbsp;being<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8bi\u02d0\u026a\u014b\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u5b58\u5728\u8005\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672c\u8eab\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u6838\u5fc3\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u6307\u4ee3\u4e00\u5207\u771f\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aHeidegger\u2019s philosophy centers on the meaning of human being.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u54f2\u5b66\u4ee5\u4eba\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u610f\u4e49\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">9.&nbsp;blankness<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8bl\u00e6\u014bkn\u0259s\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u5fc3\u7075\u7a7a\u65e0\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u865a\u65e0\u4e3b\u4e49\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u65e0\u4ef7\u503c\u3001\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u865a\u7a7a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aNihilism describes a sense of blankness behind all worldly pursuits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u865a\u65e0\u4e3b\u4e49\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e00\u5207\u4e16\u4fd7\u8ffd\u6c42\u80cc\u540e\u5fc3\u7075\u7a7a\u65e0\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">10.&nbsp;boundlessness<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8ba\u028andl\u0259sn\u0259s\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u65e0\u8fb9\u754c\u6027\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u8d85\u8d8a\u65f6\u7a7a\u3001\u4e0d\u53d7\u4efb\u4f55\u6761\u4ef6\u9650\u5236\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u5b58\u5728\u7279\u8d28\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aMystical philosophy explores the boundlessness of universal spirit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u795e\u79d8\u4e3b\u4e49\u54f2\u5b66\u63a2\u7d22\u5b87\u5b99\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u65e0\u8fb9\u754c\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">11.&nbsp;caprice<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/k\u0259\u02c8pri\u02d0s\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u968f\u6027\u5984\u5ff5\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u6beb\u65e0\u7406\u6027\u652f\u6491\u3001\u8f6c\u77ac\u591a\u53d8\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u6b32\u671b\u4e0e\u5ff5\u5934\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aWise philosophers distinguish rational judgment from mere caprice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u777f\u667a\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u533a\u5206\u7406\u6027\u5224\u65ad\u4e0e\u5355\u7eaf\u968f\u6027\u5984\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">12.&nbsp;categorization<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02cck\u00e6t\u0259\u0261\u0259ra\u026a\u02c8ze\u026a\u0283n\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u8303\u7574\u5212\u5206\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u4e2d\u5bf9\u4e16\u95f4\u4e07\u7269\u8fdb\u884c\u7406\u6027\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aKant\u2019s work focuses on the categorization of human cognition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8457\u4f5c\u805a\u7126\u4eba\u7c7b\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u8303\u7574\u5212\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">13.&nbsp;causality<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/k\u0254\u02d0\u02c8z\u00e6l\u0259ti\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u56e0\u679c\u5f8b\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4e8b\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u524d\u56e0\u540e\u679c\u5fc5\u7136\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u6cd5\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aHume raised doubts about the absolute certainty of causality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4f11\u8c1f\u5bf9\u56e0\u679c\u5f8b\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u63d0\u51fa\u8d28\u7591\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">14.&nbsp;chaos<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8ke\u026a\u0252s\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u6df7\u6c8c\u65e0\u5e8f\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u672a\u88ab\u7406\u6027\u79e9\u5e8f\u89c4\u8303\u3001\u6742\u4e71\u65e0\u7ae0\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aAncient philosophers discussed how order emerges from chaos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u53e4\u4ee3\u54f2\u4eba\u63a2\u8ba8\u79e9\u5e8f\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u6df7\u6c8c\u4e4b\u4e2d\u8bde\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">15.&nbsp;charity<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8t\u0283\u00e6r\u0259ti\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u535a\u7231\uff1b\u4ec1\u7231\u5fb7\u6027\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u4e3b\u52a8\u5173\u6000\u3001\u5584\u5f85\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5584\u5fb7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aMany ancient moral systems list charity as an essential virtue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u8bf8\u591a\u53e4\u4ee3\u9053\u5fb7\u4f53\u7cfb\u5c06\u535a\u7231\u5217\u4e3a\u5fc5\u5907\u7f8e\u5fb7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">16.&nbsp;circularity<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02ccs\u025c\u02d0kj\u0259\u02c8l\u00e6r\u0259ti\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u5faa\u73af\u8bba\u8bc1\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u903b\u8f91\u8c2c\u8bef\uff0c\u7528\u7ed3\u8bba\u672c\u8eab\u8bc1\u660e\u524d\u63d0\u7684\u65e0\u6548\u63a8\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aThe circularity of this argument makes its logic totally invalid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u8fd9\u6bb5\u8bba\u8bc1\u5b58\u5728\u5faa\u73af\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u903b\u8f91\u5b8c\u5168\u5931\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">17.&nbsp;civility<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/s\u026a\u02c8v\u026al\u0259ti\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u516c\u6c11\u5fb7\u6027\uff1b\u793c\u5fb7\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u516c\u5171\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5c0a\u91cd\u4ed6\u4eba\u3001\u7406\u6027\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u7d20\u517b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aPolitical philosophy emphasizes civility in public debate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b66\u5f3a\u8c03\u516c\u5171\u8fa9\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u793c\u5fb7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">18.&nbsp;collectivism<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/k\u0259\u02c8lekt\u026av\u026az\u0259m\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u96c6\u4f53\u4e3b\u4e49\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4f18\u5148\u96c6\u4f53\u6574\u4f53\u5229\u76ca\u3001\u7ea6\u675f\u4e2a\u4f53\u79c1\u6b32\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u601d\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aCollectivism stands in contrast to radical individualism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u96c6\u4f53\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u6781\u7aef\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f62\u6210\u5bf9\u7acb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">19.&nbsp;compatibilist<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/k\u0259m\u02ccp\u00e6t\u0259\u02c8b\u026al\u026ast\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u76f8\u5bb9\u8bba\u8005\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4e3b\u5f20\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u4e0e\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5171\u5b58\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aMany modern ethicists are compatibilists about free will.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u8bb8\u591a\u73b0\u4ee3\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u8005\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u76f8\u5bb9\u8bba\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">20.&nbsp;conceit<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/k\u0259n\u02c8si\u02d0t\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u81ea\u8d1f\u6267\u5ff5\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u8fc7\u5ea6\u9ad8\u4f30\u81ea\u6211\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u62d2\u7edd\u53cd\u601d\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u7f3a\u9677\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aSocrates criticized conceit as the biggest barrier to seeking truth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u82cf\u683c\u62c9\u5e95\u6279\u5224\u81ea\u8d1f\u6267\u5ff5\u662f\u8ffd\u6c42\u771f\u7406\u6700\u5927\u7684\u963b\u788d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">21.&nbsp;consciousness<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8k\u0252n\u0283\u0259sn\u0259s\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u610f\u8bc6\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u5fc3\u7075\u611f\u77e5\u3001\u601d\u8003\u3001\u4f53\u9a8c\u4e00\u5207\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u5185\u5728\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aMind-body philosophy debates how consciousness connects to the brain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u8eab\u5fc3\u54f2\u5b66\u63a2\u8ba8\u610f\u8bc6\u5982\u4f55\u4e0e\u4eba\u8111\u4ea7\u751f\u8054\u7ed3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">22.&nbsp;contingency<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/k\u0259n\u02c8t\u026and\u0292\u0259nsi\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u5076\u7136\u6027\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4e8b\u7269\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u53d1\u751f\u3001\u65e0\u5fc5\u7136\u5f3a\u5236\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aMetaphysics contrasts necessity and contingency of existence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u533a\u5206\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u4e0e\u5076\u7136\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">23.&nbsp;contradiction<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02cck\u0252ntr\u0259\u02c8d\u026ak\u0283n\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u77db\u76fe\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4e24\u4e2a\u65e0\u6cd5\u540c\u65f6\u6210\u7acb\u3001\u76f8\u4e92\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u547d\u9898\u6216\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aDialectical philosophy studies contradictions within all phenomena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u8fa9\u8bc1\u54f2\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u5207\u73b0\u8c61\u5185\u90e8\u8574\u542b\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">24.&nbsp;conventionism<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/k\u0259n\u02c8ven\u0283\u0259n\u026az\u0259m\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u7ea6\u5b9a\u8bba\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u771f\u7406\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u89c4\u5219\u4ec5\u6765\u81ea\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u5171\u540c\u7ea6\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aConventionism rejects the idea of eternal objective morality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u7ea6\u5b9a\u8bba\u5426\u5b9a\u6c38\u6052\u5ba2\u89c2\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">25.&nbsp;cosmic<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8k\u0252zm\u026ak\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u5b87\u5b99\u6027\u7684\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd(adj.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u5173\u4e4e\u6574\u4e2a\u5b87\u5b99\u6574\u4f53\u79e9\u5e8f\u3001\u672c\u6e90\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aStoics pursued cosmic harmony between human and nature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u65af\u591a\u845b\u5b66\u6d3e\u8ffd\u6c42\u4eba\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b87\u5b99\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u548c\u8c10\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">26.&nbsp;creationism<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/kri\u02c8e\u026a\u0283n\u026az\u0259m\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u521b\u4e16\u8bba\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u7531\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u529b\u91cf\u4e3b\u52a8\u521b\u9020\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u4e3b\u5f20\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aPhilosophical debates often compare creationism and evolution theory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u54f2\u5b66\u8fa9\u8bba\u5e38\u5bf9\u6bd4\u521b\u4e16\u8bba\u4e0e\u6f14\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">27.&nbsp;critique<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/kr\u026a\u02c8ti\u02d0k\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u6279\u5224\uff1b\u601d\u8fa8\u5ba1\u89c6\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u68c0\u9a8c\u7406\u8bba\u903b\u8f91\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\u6839\u57fa\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aKant\u2019s major work is a critique of pure human reason.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5eb7\u5fb7\u6838\u5fc3\u8457\u4f5c\u662f\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7406\u6027\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u6279\u5224\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">28.&nbsp;cultivation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02cck\u028clt\u026a\u02c8ve\u026a\u0283n\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u5fb7\u6027\u4fee\u517b\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u957f\u671f\u81ea\u6211\u7ea6\u675f\u3001\u601d\u8003\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5584\u5185\u5fc3\u54c1\u683c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aConfucian philosophy focuses on the cultivation of inner virtue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5112\u5bb6\u54f2\u5b66\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u5185\u5728\u5fb7\u6027\u7684\u4fee\u517b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">29.&nbsp;cynicism<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8s\u026an\u026as\u026az\u0259m\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u72ac\u5112\u4e3b\u4e49\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u5426\u5b9a\u4e16\u4fd7\u4ef7\u503c\u3001\u6452\u5f03\u7269\u8d28\u6b32\u671b\u3001\u6781\u7b80\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u53e4\u8001\u5b66\u6d3e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aAncient cynicism advocates freedom from all social desires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u53e4\u4ee3\u72ac\u5112\u4e3b\u4e49\u5021\u5bfc\u6323\u8131\u4e00\u5207\u4e16\u4fd7\u6b32\u671b\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">30.&nbsp;datum<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8de\u026at\u0259m\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u611f\u77e5\u57fa\u6599\uff1b\u8bba\u636e\u7d20\u6750\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u4e2d\u611f\u5b98\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u57fa\u7840\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aEmpiricists build all knowledge from sensory datum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4f9d\u9760\u611f\u5b98\u7d20\u6750\u6784\u5efa\u5168\u90e8\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">31.&nbsp;deism<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8de\u026a\u026az\u0259m\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u81ea\u7136\u795e\u8bba\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u76f8\u4fe1\u521b\u4e16\u795e\u7075\u4f46\u5426\u5b9a\u6301\u7eed\u5e72\u9884\u4e16\u95f4\u4e07\u7269\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aMany Enlightenment thinkers supported moderate deism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u8bf8\u591a\u542f\u8499\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u63a8\u5d07\u6e29\u548c\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u795e\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">32.&nbsp;dependency<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/d\u026a\u02c8pend\u0259nsi\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u4f9d\u9644\u6027\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4e8b\u7269\u65e0\u6cd5\u72ec\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4f9d\u6258\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aIdealism points out the dependency of objects on perception.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u552f\u5fc3\u8bba\u6307\u51fa\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e8b\u7269\u5bf9\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u4f9d\u9644\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">33.&nbsp;determinist<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/d\u026a\u02c8t\u025c\u02d0m\u026an\u026ast\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bba\u8005\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u575a\u4fe1\u4e00\u5207\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7531\u524d\u7f6e\u6761\u4ef6\u5b8c\u5168\u6ce8\u5b9a\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aStrict determinists deny the existence of absolute free will.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4e25\u683c\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bba\u8005\u5426\u8ba4\u7edd\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">34.&nbsp;dialectic<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02ccda\u026a\u0259\u02c8lekt\u026ak\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u6b63\u53cd\u547d\u9898\u78b0\u649e\u3001\u878d\u5408\u63a8\u8fdb\u771f\u7406\u7684\u601d\u8fa8\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aHegel built his whole system based on dialectic logic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u4ee5\u8fa9\u8bc1\u903b\u8f91\u642d\u5efa\u6574\u5957\u601d\u60f3\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">35.&nbsp;disparity<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/d\u026a\u02c8sp\u00e6r\u0259ti\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u4ef7\u503c\u843d\u5dee\uff1b\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u3001\u7fa4\u4f53\u95f4\u9053\u5fb7\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u5dee\u8ddd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aSocial philosophy seeks ways to eliminate moral and economic disparity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u54f2\u5b66\u5bfb\u627e\u6d88\u9664\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u843d\u5dee\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">36.&nbsp;divinity<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/d\u026a\u02c8v\u026an\u0259ti\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u795e\u6027\uff1b\u81f3\u9ad8\u672c\u6e90\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u8d85\u8d8a\u51e1\u4eba\u3001\u4ee3\u8868\u7ec8\u6781\u5b8c\u6ee1\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u81f3\u9ad8\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aMystic philosophers seek union with universal divinity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u795e\u79d8\u4e3b\u4e49\u54f2\u4eba\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e0e\u5b87\u5b99\u795e\u6027\u5408\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">37.&nbsp;dogmatist<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8d\u0252\u0261m\u0259t\u026ast\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u72ec\u65ad\u8bba\u8005\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u56fa\u5b88\u56fa\u6709\u4fe1\u6761\u3001\u62d2\u7edd\u63a5\u53d7\u53cd\u5411\u8bba\u8bc1\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aCritical philosophers refuse to become narrow dogmatists.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6279\u5224\u578b\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u62d2\u7edd\u6210\u4e3a\u72ed\u9698\u7684\u72ec\u65ad\u8bba\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">38.&nbsp;dualist<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8dju\u02d0\u0259l\u026ast\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u4e8c\u5143\u8bba\u8005\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0e\u7269\u8d28\u662f\u4e24\u79cd\u5b8c\u5168\u72ec\u7acb\u672c\u6e90\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aDescartes is the most famous mind-body dualist.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u662f\u6700\u77e5\u540d\u7684\u8eab\u5fc3\u4e8c\u5143\u8bba\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">39.&nbsp;dynamism<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8da\u026an\u0259m\u026az\u0259m\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u52a8\u6001\u8bba\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e16\u754c\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u6301\u7eed\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u800c\u975e\u9759\u6b62\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aHeraclitus\u2019s dynamism claims everything flows without pause.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u8d6b\u62c9\u514b\u5229\u7279\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u8bba\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e07\u7269\u6301\u7eed\u6d41\u53d8\u6c38\u4e0d\u505c\u6b47\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">40.&nbsp;ego<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8i\u02d0\u0261\u0259\u028a\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u81ea\u6211\u672c\u4f4d\uff1b\u5c0f\u6211\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u6267\u7740\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4f53\u79c1\u6b32\u3001\u533a\u5206\u81ea\u6211\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u6267\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aSpiritual philosophy encourages transcendence of the narrow ego.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u7cbe\u795e\u54f2\u5b66\u5021\u5bfc\u8d85\u8d8a\u72ed\u9698\u7684\u5c0f\u6211\u672c\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">41.&nbsp;elation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u026a\u02c8le\u026a\u0283n\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u77ed\u6682\u72c2\u559c\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4f9d\u8d56\u5916\u7269\u4ea7\u751f\u3001\u65e0\u6cd5\u957f\u4e45\u7684\u6109\u60a6\u60c5\u7eea\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aStoics warn against basing happiness on temporary elation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u65af\u591a\u845b\u5b66\u6d3e\u8b66\u793a\u4e0d\u8981\u5c06\u5e78\u798f\u5bc4\u6258\u4e8e\u77ed\u6682\u72c2\u559c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">42.&nbsp;emanation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02ccem\u0259\u02c8ne\u026a\u0283n\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u6d41\u6ea2\u8bf4\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4e07\u7269\u4ece\u81f3\u9ad8\u7cbe\u795e\u672c\u6e90\u81ea\u7136\u884d\u751f\u6d41\u51fa\u7684\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aNeoplatonism\u2019s core theory is the doctrine of emanation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u65b0\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u4e3b\u4e49\u6838\u5fc3\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u4e07\u7269\u6d41\u6ea2\u5b66\u8bf4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">43.&nbsp;empiricism<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u026am\u02c8p\u026ar\u026as\u026az\u0259m\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4e00\u5207\u53ef\u9760\u77e5\u8bc6\u5168\u90e8\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u540e\u5929\u611f\u5b98\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u6d41\u6d3e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aEmpiricism opposes rationalism\u2019s emphasis on innate ideas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\u7acb\u4e8e\u4fa7\u91cd\u5148\u5929\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">44.&nbsp;endowment<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u026an\u02c8da\u028am\u0259nt\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u5148\u5929\u7980\u8d4b\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e0e\u751f\u4ff1\u6765\u7684\u7406\u6027\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u611f\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aRationalists believe the mind has an innate rational endowment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5fc3\u7075\u5177\u5907\u5148\u5929\u7406\u6027\u7980\u8d4b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">45.&nbsp;ephemeral<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u026a\u02c8fem\u0259r\u0259l\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u8f6c\u77ac\u5373\u901d\u7684\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd(adj.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u77ed\u6682\u3001\u65e0\u6cd5\u6052\u4e45\u7559\u5b58\u7684\u4e16\u95f4\u8868\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aMetaphysics distinguishes eternal truth from ephemeral appearances.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u533a\u5206\u6c38\u6052\u771f\u7406\u4e0e\u8f6c\u77ac\u5373\u901d\u7684\u8868\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">46.&nbsp;equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/i\u02c8kw\u0252l\u0259ti\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u5e73\u7b49\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b66\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u4eba\u4eba\u62e5\u6709\u540c\u7b49\u9053\u5fb7\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aModern liberal philosophy regards equality as an innate human right.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u73b0\u4ee3\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u54f2\u5b66\u5c06\u5e73\u7b49\u89c6\u4f5c\u4e0e\u751f\u4ff1\u6765\u7684\u4eba\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">47.&nbsp;essentialism<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u026a\u02c8sen\u0283\u0259l\u026az\u0259m\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u672c\u8d28\u4e3b\u4e49\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4e07\u7269\u62e5\u6709\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e0d\u53d8\u3001\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7269\u7684\u5185\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aEssentialism argues categories rely on fixed inner traits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u672c\u8d28\u4e3b\u4e49\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e8b\u7269\u5206\u7c7b\u4f9d\u6258\u56fa\u5b9a\u5185\u5728\u7279\u8d28\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">48.&nbsp;estrangement<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u026a\u02c8stre\u026and\u0292m\u0259nt\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u7cbe\u795e\u758f\u79bb\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4eba\u4e0e\u81ea\u8eab\u771f\u5b9e\u672c\u6027\u5272\u88c2\u7684\u5185\u5728\u7cbe\u795e\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aExistentialism explores the estrangement of modern human beings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u63a2\u8ba8\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u758f\u79bb\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">49.&nbsp;ethics<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\u02c8e\u03b8\u026aks\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd(n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\u5584\u6076\u6807\u51c6\u3001\u6b63\u5f53\u884c\u4e3a\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5206\u652f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aEthics guides people to make morally sound daily choices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u5f15\u5bfc\u4eba\u4eec\u505a\u51fa\u5408\u4e4e\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u6289\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">50.&nbsp;eudaimonic<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/ju\u02d0da\u026a\u02c8m\u0252n\u026ak\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u81f3\u5584\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bcd\u6027\uff1a\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd(adj.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u4f9d\u9760\u5fb7\u6027\u3001\u7406\u6027\u83b7\u5f97\u957f\u4e45\u5b8c\u6ee1\u5e78\u798f\uff0c\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u6d45\u5c42\u4eab\u4e50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aAristotle pursues eudaimonic well-being rather than instant pleasure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u8ffd\u6c42\u81f3\u5584\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u5e78\u798f\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5373\u65f6\u4eab\u4e50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd4\u56de\u9996\u9875<a href=\"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/2026\/07\/06\/%e6%89%98%e7%a6%8f%ef%bc%9a%e4%ba%ba%e6%96%87%e5%ad%a6%e7%a7%91%e8%af%8d%e6%b1%87%e7%9b%ae%e5%bd%95\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"24596\">\u6258\u798f\uff1a\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\u8bcd\u6c47\u76ee\u5f55<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a\u6258\u798f\uff1a\u533b\u5b66\u7c7b\u8bcd\u6c47\u76ee\u5f55 &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[508],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24537","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-508"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24537","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24537"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24537\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24537"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24537"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openhub365.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24537"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}