了解更多雅思:环境生态类词汇目录

短篇科普小品:第九篇

本文为原创纪实科普文稿

沿用《国家地理》严谨写实文风,内容独立撰写、无抄袭。

英文原文

Cities are home to more than half of the global population,

and they stand at the front line of fighting against climate change.

Tall buildings, dense roads and concrete surfaces

change the way heat and water circulate within urban areas.

Paved streets and building rooftops absorb solar radiation rapidly

and release stored heat slowly after sunset,

creating the well-known urban heat island effect.

Temperatures inside large cities can be several degrees higher

than those in the surrounding countryside.

Rapid urban expansion also reduces green spaces.

Fewer trees and wetlands mean less shade and weaker evaporation,

which further worsens local overheating.

Heavy rainfall often brings sudden floods in cities,

because hard concrete surfaces cannot soak up rainwater.

At the same time, cities produce most of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions.

Traffic, heating systems, industry and power consumption

all release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere day by day.

Many city planners have begun to carry out adaptation measures.

They plant more street trees and build rooftop gardens

to cool buildings and purify urban air.

Permeable pavement is laid in new districts

to collect rainwater and reduce the risk of urban flooding.

Cities also promote public transport and clean energy use,

cutting down the reliance on gasoline-powered private cars.

These efforts will not stop global warming completely,

yet they can lower local temperature and improve living quality.

The battle against climate change cannot succeed

without active participation from urban communities.

How cities adjust their development mode

will greatly decide the speed and result of global climate action.

译文

全球一半以上人口居住在城市之中,

城市也处在应对气候变化的最前沿。

林立高楼、密集道路与硬质混凝土地表,

改变了热量与水分在城区内部的循环方式。

铺装路面与建筑屋顶会快速吸收太阳辐射,

日落后缓慢释放储存的热量,

这就是大家熟知的城市热岛效应。

大城市内部气温,能够比周边乡村高出好几度。

快速的城市扩张也不断压缩绿地空间。

树木与湿地变少,意味着遮阴面积缩减、蒸发作用减弱,

进一步加剧局部区域的高温问题。

强降雨天气常常在城市引发突发性内涝,

因为坚硬的混凝土地表无法吸纳雨水。

与此同时,全球大部分温室气体排放都来自城市。

交通、供暖系统、工业生产以及电力消耗,

日复一日向大气中排放二氧化碳。

很多城市规划者已经开始推行适应性改造方案。

他们大量栽种行道树、修建屋顶花园,

以此降低建筑温度,净化城市空气。

新城区铺设透水路面,

用来蓄积雨水,降低城市内涝风险。

城市同时大力推广公共交通与清洁能源,

减少人们对燃油私家车的依赖。

这些举措虽不能彻底阻止全球变暖,

却能够降低局部气温,改善人居环境质量。

应对气候变化这场攻坚战,

离不开城市社区的积极参与。

城市如何调整自身发展模式,

将极大决定全球气候治理的推进速度与最终成效。

一、核心生词

1. concrete

/ˈkɒŋkriːt/

混凝土

名词(n.)

2. circulate

/ˈsɜːkjəleɪt/

循环;流通

动词(v.)

3. radiation

/ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃn/

辐射

名词(n.)

4. urban

/ˈɜːbən/

城市的

形容词(adj.)

5. wetland

/ˈwetlənd/

湿地

名词(n.)

6. evaporation

/ɪˌvæpəˈreɪʃn/

蒸发

名词(n.)

7. greenhouse

/ˈɡriːnhaʊs/

温室

名词(n.)

8. emission

/ɪˈmɪʃn/

排放

名词(n.)

9. permeable

/ˈpɜːmiəbl/

可渗透的

形容词(adj.)

10. pave

/peɪv/

铺砌;铺设

动词(v.)

11. adapt

/əˈdæpt/

适应;改造

动词(v.)

12. reliance

/rɪˈlaɪəns/

依赖

名词(n.)

二、重点短语

1. urban heat island effect

城市热岛效应

2. solar radiation

太阳辐射

3. green space

绿地

4. soak up rainwater

吸纳雨水

5. greenhouse gas emissions

温室气体排放

6. carbon dioxide

二氧化碳

7. rooftop gardens

屋顶花园

8. permeable pavement

透水路面

9. clean energy

清洁能源

10. climate action

气候治理行动

三、长难句拆解

句子:

Paved streets and building rooftops absorb solar radiation rapidly

and release stored heat slowly after sunset,

creating the well-known urban heat island effect.

主干:

Paved streets and building rooftops absorb solar radiation rapidly

and release stored heat slowly

主干译文:

铺装路面与建筑屋顶快速吸收太阳辐射,并缓慢释放储存热量

时间状语:

after sunset

状语译文:

日落后

结果状语:

creating the well-known urban heat island effect

状语译文:

形成知名的城市热岛效应

解析:

本句包含一组并列谓语动词,

句尾现在分词短语表达前面现象带来的直接结果。

句式逻辑流畅,用客观描述解释热岛效应的形成原理,

是科普文章解释自然现象的典型写法。

句子:

The battle against climate change cannot succeed

without active participation from urban communities.

主干:

The battle cannot succeed

主干译文:

这场攻坚战无法取得成功

后置定语:

against climate change

定语译文:

应对气候变化(的)

条件状语:

without active participation from urban communities

状语译文:

如果缺少城市社区的积极参与

解析:

本句采用without引导含蓄条件,

不使用if,表达“没有……就无法……”的逻辑,

语言精炼正式,适合阐述观点,外刊高频句式。

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