了解更多考研英语:健康医疗心理类词汇目录
短篇科普小品:第十一篇
本文为原创纪实科普文稿
沿用《国家地理》严谨写实文风,内容独立撰写、无抄袭。
英文原文
The human brain is widely recognized as the most intricate organ
in the entire animal kingdom, holding countless mysteries
that scientists have spent centuries attempting to uncover.
Weighing roughly 1.4 kilograms in an average adult,
this soft mass of nervous tissue contains billions of neurons,
which connect with one another through trillions of tiny synapses.
These neural connections form a vast and complex network,
responsible for every thought, memory, emotion and physical action
that human beings experience each passing day.
Different regions of the brain carry out specialized tasks.
The cerebral cortex handles advanced reasoning, language expression
and conscious decision-making, while the cerebellum controls
body balance, fine motor movements and coordinated actions.
The limbic system, located deep inside the brain,
governs our feelings such as joy, fear and sorrow,
and plays a vital role in forming and storing long-term memories.
For a long time, people believed that the structure of the adult brain
was fixed and unable to change after childhood development.
However, modern neuroscience has discovered the principle of neuroplasticity.
The human brain can rewire its neural connections continuously
in response to new experiences, repeated learning and environmental changes.
When we master new skills or absorb fresh knowledge,
new synaptic links will grow and strengthen inside the brain.
Even small daily activities, including reading, listening and thinking,
can shape the organization of our brain circuits.
Despite these great research achievements, many puzzles remain unsolved.
Scientists still cannot fully explain how the brain generates self-awareness,
or how countless electrical and chemical signals turn into vivid subjective feelings.
Studying the human brain brings far-reaching benefits.
It helps medical experts understand mental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases,
and supports the development of better treatment plans to protect people’s cognitive health.
Every discovery about the brain reminds us
that human intelligence and consciousness arise from this delicate organ,
and exploring its secrets is one of the greatest scientific adventures of our age.
译文
人脑被公认为整个动物界结构最复杂的器官,
蕴藏着无数奥秘,科学家花费数个世纪,
一直尝试揭开它的面纱。
普通成年人的大脑大约重1.4千克,
这团柔软的神经组织包含数十亿个神经元,
神经元通过数万亿微小的突触相互连接。
这些神经联结构成一张庞大繁复的网络,
人类每一天产生的所有思考、记忆、情绪与肢体动作,
都由这套网络负责调控。
大脑的不同区域各司其职。
大脑皮层负责高级推理、语言表达以及有意识决策;
小脑管控身体平衡、精细动作与肢体协调。
深藏在大脑内部的边缘系统,
掌管喜悦、恐惧、悲伤这类情绪,
同时在长期记忆的形成与储存过程中发挥关键作用。
长久以来,人们认为成年人大脑的结构
在童年发育结束之后就固定不变。
但现代神经科学发现了神经可塑性原理。
人脑可以根据全新经历、反复学习以及环境变化,
持续重塑自身神经连接。当我们掌握新技能、吸收新知识时,
大脑内部就会生长并强化新的突触联结。
即便是阅读、聆听、思考这类日常小事,
也能够塑造大脑神经回路的组织形态。
虽然科研已经取得诸多成果,但依旧存在大量未解难题。
科学家至今无法完整解释大脑如何产生自我意识,
也无法阐明无数电信号与化学信号如何转化为鲜活的主观感受。
对人脑的研究具备深远价值。
它帮助医学研究者理解精神疾病与神经退行性疾病,
助力研发更完善的治疗方案,守护人类认知健康。
每一项关于大脑的发现都在提醒我们:
人类的智慧与意识都源自这个精巧的器官。
探索人脑的奥秘,是我们这个时代最伟大的科学探索之一。
一、核心生词
1. intricate
/ˈɪntrɪkət/
复杂精细的
形容词(adj.)
2. neuron
/ˈnjʊərɒn/
神经元
名词(n.)
3. synapse
/ˈsɪnæps/
突触
名词(n.)
4. cerebral
/ˈserəbrəl/
大脑的;脑的
形容词(adj.)
5. cortex
/ˈkɔːteks/
皮层;皮质
名词(n.)
6. cerebellum
/ˌserəˈbeləm/
小脑
名词(n.)
7. limbic
/ˈlɪmbɪk/
边缘的
形容词(adj.)
8. neuroplasticity
/ˌnjʊərəʊplæˈstɪsəti/
神经可塑性
名词(n.)
9. neuroscience
/ˈnjʊərəʊsaɪəns/
神经科学
名词(n.)
10. neurodegenerative
/ˈnjʊərəʊdɪˈdʒenərətɪv/
神经退行性的
形容词(adj.)
11. cognitive
/ˈkɒɡnətɪv/
认知的
形容词(adj.)
12. consciousness
/ˈkɒnʃəsnəs/
意识
名词(n.)
二、重点短语
1. nervous tissue
神经组织
2. neural connections
神经连接
3. cerebral cortex
大脑皮层
4. fine motor movements
精细动作
5. limbic system
边缘系统
6. long-term memories
长期记忆
7. neuroplasticity
神经可塑性
8. synaptic links
突触联结
9. mental disorders
精神疾病
10. cognitive health
认知健康
三、长难句拆解
句子:
These neural connections form a vast and complex network,
responsible for every thought, memory,
emotion and physical action that human beings experience each passing day.
主干:
These neural connections form a vast and complex network
主干译文:
这些神经联结构成一张庞大繁复的网络
后置形容词短语:
responsible for every thought, memory, emotion and physical action
短语译文:
负责调控所有思考、记忆、情绪与肢体动作
定语从句:
that human beings experience each passing day
从句译文:
人类每一天所产生(的各类活动)
解析:
形容词短语作后置定语修饰network;
that引导定语从句,限定前面一系列名词,
把大脑网络的功能清晰罗列,句式层次分明,
是科普外刊常用的陈述句式。
句子:
However, modern neuroscience has discovered the principle of neuroplasticity.
The human brain can rewire its neural
connections continuously in response to new experiences,
repeated learning and environmental changes.
主干1:
modern neuroscience has discovered the principle of neuroplasticity
主干1译文:
但现代神经科学发现了神经可塑性原理
主干2:
The human brain can rewire its neural connections continuously
主干2译文:
人脑可以持续重塑自身神经连接
状语:
in response to new experiences, repeated learning and environmental changes
状语译文:
根据全新经历、反复学习以及环境变化
解析:
in response to 引出触发大脑改变的三类条件,
并列名词短语清晰列举诱因,逻辑条理清晰,
用来推翻过去老旧认知,引出全新科学结论。
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