了解更多考研英语:生态环保气候类词汇目录

美国国家公共电台精读篇目

短篇科普小品:第九篇

本文为原创纪实科普文稿

沿用美国国家公共电台严谨写实文风,内容独立撰写、无抄袭。

英文原文

For a long time, ocean researchers believed

plastic pollution mainly troubled shallow coastal waters.

They once thought the deep sea remained a clean and isolated sanctuary

free from human-made waste and contamination.

New deep-sea exploration data completely changes this traditional view.

Tiny broken plastic fragments known as microplastics

have successfully reached the darkest and remotest ocean trenches.

These microscopic particles come from multiple daily sources.

Synthetic fiber clothes release fine plastic bits

during every ordinary laundry cycle.

Disposable packaging fragments break down in seawater

under long-term sunlight erosion and wave impact.

Car tire wear, cosmetic microbeads and discarded fishing gear

also continuously feed microplastics into global marine environments.

Unlike large floating plastic garbage

that can be spotted and collected by cleanup teams,

microplastics are too tiny to be filtered or removed

through conventional ocean cleaning technology.

Driven by ocean currents and sinking organic debris,

these invisible plastic particles drift downward layer by layer

and finally settle on the deep-sea floor.

Deep-sea creatures have evolved in extremely clean environments

for millions of years with no exposure to artificial materials.

Filter-feeding sea worms, deep-sea crustaceans and bottom-dwelling fish

easily swallow microplastics while hunting for plankton and organic food.

Many deep-sea species cannot distinguish plastic particles

from natural edible organic matter in the dark low-vision seabed.

Once microplastics enter the bodies of deep-sea organisms,

they cause lasting physical and chemical harm.

Sharp plastic fragments damage delicate internal organs

and block digestive tracts of small deep-sea creatures.

Synthetic plastic carries accumulated toxic chemicals

that slowly release poison inside animal bodies.

These harmful substances weaken immune functions,

suppress growth rates and reduce natural reproductive abilities.

Worse still, microplastics stay stable inside marine tissues

and cannot be excreted out of the body easily.

Toxic substances will accumulate generation after generation

through the deep-sea biological food chain.

Marine scientists point out a worrying reality

discovered in recent deep-sea sampling missions.

The deeper the ocean habitat,

the higher the microplastic accumulation rate in local organisms.

Remote deep-sea trenches once regarded as pure wilderness

are now turning into the final gathering place of global plastic waste.

Unlike shallow marine ecosystems with fast circulation,

the deep sea has extremely low temperature and weak water movement.

Plastic particles buried in seabed sediment

can remain intact for hundreds of years or even longer.

This means modern human plastic consumption behaviors

will leave permanent traces in Earth’s deepest marine biosphere.

The pollution problem is no longer limited to surface oceans

or human-coastal contact areas.

It has invaded the most secret ecological corners of the planet

that few humans have ever witnessed.

Researchers stress that solving deep-sea microplastic pollution

requires long-term industrial adjustment and public behavioral changes.

Reducing single-use plastic production,

improving sewage filtration systems

and abandoning microplastic-containing daily products

can gradually cut off the source of deep-sea plastic contamination.

Protecting the deep-sea ecosystem

is protecting the entire balance of the global marine environment.

译文

长期以来,海洋研究人员一直认为,

塑料污染主要困扰近海浅水域。

他们曾经以为深海是洁净、与世隔绝的庇护所,

不会受到人造垃圾与污染物的侵扰。

最新的深海探测数据,彻底推翻了这一传统认知。

被称作微塑料的细碎塑料碎片,

已经抵达了海洋最黑暗、最偏远的海沟深处。

这些微型颗粒来源于人类各类日常活动。

化纤衣物在每一次普通洗涤过程中,

都会释放细微塑料碎屑。

一次性包装碎片在海水中,

经过长期日晒侵蚀与海浪冲击,逐步裂解。

汽车轮胎磨损、护肤品微珠、废弃渔具,

也在持续向全球海洋环境输入微塑料。

那些大块漂浮塑料垃圾,

还能被清理团队发现并回收,

但微塑料体型过于微小,

无法通过常规海洋清理技术过滤、清除。

在洋流下沉、有机碎屑沉降的带动下,

这些肉眼难辨的塑料颗粒逐层下沉,

最终沉积在深海海床之上。

数百万年来,深海生物始终在极度洁净的环境中演化,

从未接触过人工合成物质。

滤食性海蠕虫、深海甲壳类、底栖鱼类,

在捕食浮游生物与有机质食物时,极易误食微塑料。

深海昏暗无光、可视度极低,

多数深海物种无法区分塑料颗粒与天然可食有机质。

微塑料一旦进入深海生物体内,

会造成长久的物理与化学伤害。

尖锐的塑料碎片会损伤脆弱的内脏器官,

堵塞小型深海生物的消化道。

合成塑料富集了大量有毒化学物质,

会在生物体内缓慢释放毒素。

这些有害物质削弱生物免疫机能,

抑制生长速度,降低自然繁育能力。

更严重的是,微塑料可以稳定留存于海洋生物组织中,

很难被代谢排出体外。

毒素会通过深海生物食物链,

一代代不断富集累积。

海洋科学家根据近年深海取样调查,

指出了一个令人担忧的现实。

生物栖息的海域越深,

体内微塑料的富集程度就越高。

曾经被视作纯净荒野的偏远深海海沟,

如今正在变成全球塑料垃圾的终极聚集地。

浅海生态系统水体循环速度较快,

而深海温度极低、水体运动微弱。

埋藏在海底沉积物中的塑料颗粒,

可以完好留存数百年甚至更久。

这意味着现代人的塑料消费行为,

会在地球最深层的海洋生物圈,留下永久性痕迹。

污染问题早已不再局限于海洋表层

或是人类活动的近岸海域。

它已经侵入地球最隐秘、

极少被人类观测到的生态角落。

研究人员强调,想要治理深海微塑料污染,

需要长期的产业调整与全民生活习惯整改。

减少一次性塑料产能、

升级污水过滤系统、

停用含微塑料日用品,

才能从源头逐步切断深海塑料污染的输入。

守护深海生态系统,

就是守护全球海洋环境的整体平衡。

一、核心生词

1. sanctuary

/ˈsæŋktʃuəri/

庇护所

名词(n.)

2. contamination

/kənˌtæmɪˈneɪʃn/

污染;沾染

名词(n.)

3. microplastic

/ˌmaɪkrəʊˈplæstɪk/

微塑料

名词(n.)

4. synthetic

/sɪnˈθetɪk/

合成的

形容词(adj.)

5. fragment

/ˈfræɡmənt/

碎片

名词(n.)

6. filter

/ˈfɪltə(r)/

过滤

动词(v.)

7. digestive

/daɪˈdʒestɪv/

消化的

形容词(adj.)

8. toxin

/ˈtɒksɪn/

毒素

名词(n.)

9. accumulate

/əˈkjuːmjəleɪt/

累积;富集

动词(v.)

10. biosphere

/ˈbaɪəʊsfɪə(r)/

生物圈

名词(n.)

二、重点短语

1. deep-sea exploration

深海探测

2. plastic fragment

塑料碎片

3. synthetic fiber

合成纤维

4. organic debris

有机碎屑

5. filter-feeding creature

滤食性生物

6. digestive tract

消化道

7. immune function

免疫机能

8. biological food chain

生物食物链

三、长难句拆解

句子

For a long time, ocean researchers believed

plastic pollution mainly troubled shallow coastal waters.

主干:

ocean researchers believed

宾语从句:

plastic pollution mainly troubled shallow coastal waters

主干译文:

海洋研究人员一直认为。

从句译文:

塑料污染主要困扰近海浅水域。

整句译文:

长期以来,海洋研究人员一直认为,

塑料污染主要困扰近海浅水域。

句子结构:

主句 + 省略that的宾语从句

句子

They once thought the deep sea remained a clean and isolated sanctuary

free from human-made waste and contamination.

主干:

They once thought

宾语从句:

the deep sea remained a clean and isolated sanctuary

后置定语:

free from human-made waste and contamination

译文:

他们曾经以为深海是洁净、与世隔绝的庇护所,

不会受到人造垃圾与污染物的侵扰。

句子结构:

主句嵌套宾语从句,形容词短语作后置定语

句子

These harmful substances weaken immune functions,

suppress growth rates and reduce natural reproductive abilities.

主干:

These harmful substances weaken immune functions,

suppress growth rates and reduce natural reproductive abilities

译文:

这些有害物质削弱生物免疫机能,

抑制生长速度,降低自然繁育能力。

句子结构:

主句,三个并列谓语

句子

The deeper the ocean habitat,

the higher the microplastic accumulation rate in local organisms.

主干:

the higher the microplastic accumulation rate in local organisms

比较状语结构:

The deeper the ocean habitat

译文:

生物栖息的海域越深,体内微塑料的富集程度就越高。

句子结构:the+比较级,the+比较级 特殊句式

©英语数字智库 版权所有

所有学习素材资料均为英语数字智库原创,禁止私自转载、

摘抄、复制、二次编辑、商用分发,任何侵权行为将依法追究责任。

请点击返回首页美国国家公共电台精选 32 篇目录

发表回复

您的邮箱地址不会被公开。 必填项已用 * 标注

错误: Content is protected !!