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Never Give In《永不屈服》
作者：Winston Churchill 温斯顿·丘吉尔
选自：丘吉尔1941年哈罗公学演讲《Never Give In》
英文原文
You cannot tell from appearances how things will go.
Sometimes imagination makes things out far worse than they are;
yet without imagination not much can be done.
Those people who are imaginative see many more dangers than perhaps exist;
certainly many more than will happen;
but then they must also pray to be given that extra courage
to carry this far-reaching imagination.
But for everyone, surely, what we have gone through in this period —
I am addressing myself to the School —
surely from this period of ten months this is the lesson:
never give in,
never give in,
never, never, never, never!
In nothing great or small,
large or petty,
never give in
except to convictions of honour and good sense.
Never yield to force;
never yield to the apparently overwhelming might of the enemy.
We stood all alone a year ago,
and to many countries it seemed that our account was closed,
we were finished.
All this tradition of ours,
our school history,
our songs,
the memories of this and so much else,
seemed to have vanished for ever.
But our minds were made up.
We had no thought but to stand firm and endure,
and if we could not conquer,
we could at least make the foe pay a heavy price for every inch of ground they gained.
We faced endless bombing,
economic blockade,
and the constant threat of invasion.
Many people trembled in fear,
many wondered whether we could survive such a brutal and merciless conflict.
It is generally said that the British are often better at the last.
They do not expect to move from crisis to crisis;
they do not always expect that each day will bring up some noble chance of war;
but when they very slowly make up their minds
that the thing has to be done and the job put through and finished,
then, even if it takes months — if it takes years — they do it.
Another lesson I think we may take,
just throwing our minds back to our meeting here ten months ago and now,
is that appearances are often very deceptive,
and as Kipling well says,
we must “…meet with Triumph and Disaster.
And treat those two impostors just the same.”
译文
世事难凭表象预判走向。
想象有时会放大困境，使其远比真实境况更加凶险；
然而倘若失去想象，人类便难以成就伟业。
富有想象力的人，会预见远超实际存在的重重危机，
其中大部分危难终究不会降临；
但他们也必须祈求获得额外的勇气，
去承载这份深远的思虑。
但所有人都能从过去这段岁月里学到一课——
此刻，我对着本校的学子诉说：
在这十个月的磨砺之中，我们收获的教训便是：
永不屈服，
永不屈服，
永不、永不、永不、永不！
无论事关宏大伟业或是细碎小事，
无论局面壮阔或是微不足道，
除却遵从荣誉与理智的信念，
绝不轻言退让。
绝不向强权俯首，
绝不向看似势不可挡的强敌妥协。
一年前，我们孤立无援，
在众多国家眼中，我们大势已去，败局已定。
属于我们的全部传统，
本校的悠久历史，
代代传唱的歌谣，
诸多珍贵的回忆，
仿佛都将永久消散。
但我们下定决心。
我们心中只有坚守与忍耐，
即便无法取得全胜，
至少也要让敌人为抢占的每一寸土地付出沉重代价。
我们承受无休止的轰炸，
遭遇经济封锁，
时刻笼罩在敌军入侵的阴影之下。
无数人心怀惶恐，
很多人质疑，我们能否熬过这场残酷无情的战争。
人们常说，英国人往往越到最后，越能彰显力量。
他们并不期盼接连遭遇危机，
也不指望每一天都迎来光荣的战机；
但当他们慢慢下定决心，认定一件事必须完成，
那么纵使耗时数月，乃至数年，也一定会坚持到底。
回首十个月前我们在此相聚的光景，
我们还能领悟另一条道理：
表象往往具有欺骗性。
正如吉卜林所言：
我们要“荣辱不惊，
平等看待胜利与灾难这两个伪面幻象。”
🔍长难句赏析与拆解
原句：Those people who are imaginative
see many more dangers than perhaps exist;
certainly many more than will happen;
but then they must also pray
to be given that extra courage to carry this far-reaching imagination.
句式解读：
本句由分号衔接三层语义，who引导定语从句修饰主语，
than引导比较状语从句，句尾不定式短语作后置定语修饰courage。
分号切割长句，层层递进，把想象带来的忧患与所需的勇气对照呈现。
句子主干：
Those people see many more dangers,
but they must also pray to be given extra courage.
文学赏析：
演讲开篇不直接喊口号，先思辨想象与危险的关系，
文字沉稳厚重，没有直白的激昂，在理性思考之中铺垫后文不屈的信念。
写作迁移点拨：
适用于逆境、表象与本质、勇气主题段落。
仿写：Those people who keep sober minds
foresee more risks than appear on the surface;
but they must also gain inner strength to face all hidden challenges.
原句：Another lesson I think we may take,
just throwing our minds back to our meeting here ten months ago and now,
is that appearances are often very deceptive, and as Kipling well says,
we must “…meet with Triumph and Disaster.
And treat those two impostors just the same.”
句式解读：
I think we may take为省略that的定语从句修饰lesson；
现在分词短语throwing…作插入状语；that引导表语从句；
as引导方式状语从句，嵌入名人引言，丰富文本层次。
句子主干：
Another lesson is that appearances are often very deceptive.
文学赏析：
插入语拉开叙事节奏，引用名言收束观点，
是演讲体经典写法，将个人感悟与名家哲思融为一体，厚重典雅。
写作迁移点拨：
适合思辨类议论文，用来引出辩证观点。
仿写：Another truth we can learn, looking back on our past struggles,
is that success and failure are equally misleading tests for our souls.
📝全篇句式特点
全文为校园演讲体裁，大量使用插入语、分号切分长句，
长短句交替，前面理性思辨铺垫，
后半段短句排比强化呐喊，情绪层层抬升。
多处破折号用来停顿、补充语义，拉近演讲者与听众的距离。
文中引用诗句嵌入长句，把说理与文学引用融合；
反复重复的never give in属于间隔重复修辞，强化演讲感染力，
句式从冷静分析逐步转向铿锵宣言，
逻辑脉络清晰，气势层层高涨。
核心词汇
1. imagination
/ɪˌmædʒɪˈneɪʃn/
想象力，构想
名词 (n.)
2. far-reaching
/ˌfɑː ˈriːtʃɪŋ/
深远的
形容词 (adj.)
3. address
/əˈdres/
向……讲话
动词 (v.)
4. petty
/ˈpeti/
琐碎的，微小的
形容词 (adj.)
5. conviction
/kənˈvɪkʃn/
信念，确信
名词 (n.)
6. overwhelming
/ˌəʊvəˈwelmɪŋ/
势不可挡的
形容词 (adj.)
7. foe
/fəʊ/
敌人
名词 (n.)
8. blockade
/blɒˈkeɪd/
封锁
名词 (n.)
9. deceive
/dɪˈsiːv/
欺骗，蒙蔽
动词 (v.)
10. deceptive
/dɪˈseptɪv/
具有欺骗性的
形容词 (adj.)
11. triumph
/ˈtraɪʌmf/
胜利，凯旋
名词 (n.)
12. disaster
/dɪˈzɑːstə(r)/
灾难，祸患
名词 (n.)
13. impostor
/ɪmˈpɒstə(r)/
骗子，伪象
名词 (n.)
14. vanish
/ˈvænɪʃ/
消失，消散
动词 (v.)
15. endure
/ɪnˈdjʊə(r)/
忍耐，承受
动词 (v.)
16. merciless
/ˈmɜːsɪləs/
无情的，残酷的
形容词 (adj.)
17. conquer
/ˈkɒŋkə(r)/
征服，战胜
动词 (v.)
18. inch
/ɪntʃ/
英寸，少量土地
名词 (n.)
19. tradition
/trəˈdɪʃn/
传统
名词 (n.)
20. pretend
/prɪˈtend/
佯装，伪装
动词 (v.)
💡主旨品读
本篇是丘吉尔在哈罗公学的战时演讲，
没有一味空喊口号。
他先提醒学子，表象不可信，想象会放大恐惧；
继而抛出核心信念：
坚守荣誉与理智，永不向强权屈服。
演讲融合个人经历、家国危难与人生哲理，
区分盲目固执和有原则的坚韧。
适合考研、雅思写作，
用于逆境坚守、透过表象看本质、
挫折与胜利辩证关系的主题升华，
排比短句可直接摘抄增强文章气势。
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