由 英语数字智库 了解更多托福：人文学科词汇目录
世界经典文学精选. 52
作者：Marcel Proust 马塞尔·普鲁斯特
选自马塞尔·普鲁斯特《In Search of Lost Time》《追忆似水年华》
原著为法语，本文是英文译本；
首卷1913年11月8日出版，整套作品至1927年全部出齐。
英文原文
Many years had elapsed during which nothing of Combray,
save what was comprised in the theatre
and the drama of my going to bed there,
had any existence for me.
One winter evening,
when I came home,
my mother, seeing that I was cold,
offered me some tea,
a thing I did not usually take.
I refused at first,
and then, I know not why,
changed my mind.
She sent for one of those squat,
plump little cakes called “petites madeleines,”
which look as though they had been
moulded in the fluted valve of a scallop shell.
And soon, mechanically,
dispirited after a dreary day with the prospect of a depressing morrow,
I raised to my lips a spoonful of the tea
in which I had soaked a morsel of the cake.
No sooner had the warm liquid,
and the crumbs with it,
touched my palate than a shudder ran through my whole body,
and I stopped,
intent upon the extraordinary changes that were taking place.
An exquisite pleasure had invaded my senses,
something isolated,
detached,
with no suggestion of its origin.
And at once the vicissitudes of life had become indifferent to me,
its disasters innocuous,
its brevity illusory — this new sensation
having had on me the effect which love
has of filling me with a precious essence;
or rather this essence was not in me,
it was myself.
I had ceased now to feel mediocre,
accidental,
mortal.
Whence could it have come to me,
this all-powerful joy?
I was conscious that it was connected with the taste of tea and cake,
but that it infinitely transcended those savours,
could not, indeed,
be of the same nature as they.
When did it come?
What did it mean?
How could I seize and apprehend it?
I drink a second mouthful,
in which I find nothing more than in the first,
a third,
which gives me rather less than the second.
It is time to stop;
the virtue of the drink appears to fade.
Clearly the truth I seek lies not within the cup,
but within myself.
The cake’s taste summons back a forgotten moment,
a buried memory from Combray,
long hidden deep in my unconscious mind.
Slowly,
the image rises up.
It is Sunday morning at Combray,
my aunt Léonie breaking off a piece of madeleine
and dipping it in her tea to give to me.
The whole of Combray and its surroundings,
taking shape and solidity,
sprang into being,
town and gardens,
emerging from my cup of tea.
译文
许多年已经逝去，贡布雷的一切，
除去当年我上床睡觉那一幕场景与故事之外，
于我而言仿佛不复存在。
一个冬日傍晚，
我回到家中。
母亲见我浑身发冷，
端来一杯茶，
我平日里并不喝茶。
起初我拒绝了，
而后不知为何，
又改变主意。
她让人取来那种矮矮胖胖的小点心，叫做玛德琳蛋糕，
模样仿佛是用扇贝壳的凹槽压模制成。
很快，我机械地拿起勺子，
漫长乏味的一天耗尽心神，想到明天依旧沉闷，内心消沉，
舀起一勺浸过蛋糕碎的茶水送向唇边。
温热的茶汤连同蛋糕碎屑刚触碰到我的味觉，
一阵震颤瞬间席卷全身，
我停下动作，
凝神感受体内正在发生的奇妙变化。
一种极致的愉悦涌入感官，
这份感受独立而纯粹，
剥离一切外物，
无法一眼追溯它从何而来。
顷刻间，人生的起落浮沉于我不再重要，
世间灾祸不再伤人，
生命短暂也成了幻象。
这全新的感受如同爱意一般，
用珍贵的精髓填满我的灵魂；
更确切地说，这份精髓不在我的体内，
它本身，就是我。
我不再感到自己平庸渺小、偶然短暂、终将归于尘土。
这股强大无比的欢愉究竟来自何处？
我清楚它和茶与蛋糕的味道有关，
但它远远超越了这两种滋味，
甚至和它们并非同类事物。
它何时降临？
它意味着什么？
我要如何捕捉、读懂它？
我喝下第二口，
感受到的并不比第一口更多；
再饮第三口，感觉反而淡于第二口。
该停下了，
茶水带来的魔力正在消散。
很显然，我追寻的真相不在茶杯之中，
而在我的内心深处。
蛋糕的滋味唤醒一段被遗忘的时光，
一段埋藏在潜意识深处、关于贡布雷的旧日记忆。
慢慢地，画面浮现。
那是贡布雷的周日清晨，
莱奥妮姨妈掰下一块玛德琳蛋糕，浸在茶水里递给我。
完整的贡布雷连同周遭景物，
渐渐成型、变得真切鲜活，
城镇与花园，
全都从这一杯茶水中，缓缓浮现。
🔍长难句赏析与拆解
原句：
No sooner had the warm liquid,
and the crumbs with it,
touched my palate than a shudder ran through my whole body,
and I stopped,
intent upon the extraordinary changes that were taking place.
句式解读：
本句核心结构：
No sooner…than… 一……就……，这是经典倒装句型。
No sooner置于句首，主句需要部分倒装（had提前）。
and the crumbs with it作为插入语，补充伴随事物。
intent upon…是形容词短语作伴随状语，修饰主语I；
that were taking place是限制性定语从句，
修饰先行词changes，解释“正在发生的奇妙变化”。
句子主干：
As soon as the warm tea and cake crumbs touched my tongue,
I felt a shudder all over my body and paused,
focusing on the strange transformation inside me.
文学赏析：
这是全书最经典的触发记忆的句子。
倒装结构放大瞬间感，
强调“触碰味觉”和“灵魂震颤”几乎同步发生。
普鲁斯特没有平铺直叙写“尝到味道想起往事”，
而是先写生理上的震颤，再转向精神层面的异变。
味觉这个微小的感官刺激，直接打通潜意识。
感官一瞬间的触动，
打破线性的时间，让尘封多年的记忆苏醒。
感官细节先行，
情绪紧随其后，是普鲁斯特意识流标志性写法。
写作迁移点拨：
适用于感官触发回忆、瞬间感悟、
微小事物唤醒旧时光、感官与内心共鸣类段落。
仿写：
No sooner had the soft wind,
and the flower scent with it,
touched my cheek than a warmth spread through my whole heart,
and I paused,
aware of the gentle remembrance that was awakening.
仿写运用思路：
完整复刻No sooner倒装结构 + 插入语 +
形容词伴随状语+定语从句。
以微风花香替换原文茶水蛋糕，
用感官刺激引出回忆，适合散文抒情段落。
原句：
And at once the vicissitudes of life had become indifferent to me,
its disasters innocuous,
its brevity illusory — this new sensation
having had on me the effect which love
has of filling me with a precious essence;
or rather this essence was not in me,
it was myself.
句式解读：
本句包含独立主格结构 this new sensation having had…，
用来引出对前文的解释。
the vicissitudes of life had become indifferent to me为主句；
its disasters innocuous,
its brevity illusory 是两个省略结构，
并列简化句式，省略had become，形成排比短句。
which love has 是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词effect。
破折号拓展深化观点，
or rather 进一步修正、精准定义感受。
句子主干：
Suddenly life’s ups and downs meant nothing to me.
Calamities felt harmless and life’s shortness seemed unreal.
This strange feeling filled my soul with precious substance.
Strictly speaking,
this substance was not inside me — it was my true self.
文学赏析：
这一句写出感官顿悟带来的精神升华。
世俗苦难、生死长短，
这些人类最牵挂的烦恼，在记忆复苏的瞬间失去重量。
独立主格拉长思绪节奏，
三个短句层层简化，剥离世俗价值。
普鲁斯特提出一个核心：
真正的自我，藏在无意识记忆之中。
不是我拥有这份美好感受，这份感受即是本我。
打破常规认知，是意识流文学极具思辨性的句子。
写作迁移点拨：
适用于顿悟瞬间、放下烦恼、找寻本我、
精神超脱、短暂的心灵觉醒类升华段落。
仿写：
And at once the noise of the world had become distant to me,
its troubles light,
its hurry meaningless —
this quiet moment having had on me the
effect which peace has of filling me with pure serenity;
or rather this serenity was not in me,
it was myself.
仿写运用思路：
复刻主句 + 并列省略短句 + 独立主格 +
定语从句 + 破折号递进，适合议论文、散文结尾升华。
原句：
Clearly the truth I seek lies not within the cup,
but within myself.
The cake’s taste summons back a forgotten moment,
a buried memory from Combray,
long hidden deep in my unconscious mind.
句式解读：
I seek 是省略关系代词that的定语从句修饰truth；
not…but… 不是……而是……，形成强烈对照。
a buried memory from Combray 作同位语，
解释说明forgotten moment；
long hidden deep in my unconscious mind
是过去分词短语后置作定语，修饰memory。
句子主干：
Obviously, the truth I search for exists not in the cup,
but deep inside my own mind.
The flavour of cake calls up a buried
memory of Combray hidden in my subconscious.
文学赏析：这是本段主旨句。
外部事物（玛德琳蛋糕、茶水）
仅仅是一把钥匙，不是宝藏本身。
唤醒记忆的媒介是外在的，但记忆、情感、
真实的自我全部储藏在人的内心潜意识。
普鲁斯特借此表达全书核心：
真正的追忆，不是刻意回忆，而是依靠无意识感官体验，
重新找回逝去的时间。
外物只是引子，内心才是一切记忆的容器。
写作迁移点拨：
适用于向内求索、表象与本质、
外物只是媒介，本心蕴藏一切类立论句。
仿写：
Clearly the warmth I seek lies not within the gift,
but within myself.
The old song brings back a forgotten afternoon,
a faint memory from childhood,
long hidden deep in my quiet heart.
仿写运用思路：
复刻定语从句 + not…but…对比结构 +
同位语 + 后置分词定语，句式工整，适合哲理散文。
📝全篇句式特点
本文是意识流开山之作《追忆似水年华》玛德琳蛋糕经典选段。
句式长短交织，长句蜿蜒舒展，跟随人物流动思绪，
模拟意识自然流淌；穿插短促判断句，用来总结顿悟。
大量使用倒装、独立主格、同位语、后置分词定语、
省略结构，打破传统小说线性叙事。
不重点描写情节冲突，聚焦人的感官、情绪、潜意识活动。
行文逻辑层层递进：
交代贡布雷记忆长久沉寂；
冬日傍晚偶然喝茶、品尝玛德琳蛋糕；
味觉刺激带来突如其来的全身震颤与极致愉悦；
主人公思索这份喜悦来自何处，发现远超食物本身；
反复品尝，魔力逐渐减弱；
领悟真相不在外物而在内心；
尘封多年的贡布雷旧日画面完整浮现，逝去时光被重新唤醒。
核心词汇
1. elapse
/ɪˈlæps/
（时间）流逝，过去
动词 (v.)
2. squat
/skwɒt/
矮胖的
形容词 (adj.)
3. scallop
/ˈskɒləp/
扇贝
名词 (n.)
4. dispirited
/dɪˈspɪrɪtɪd/
消沉的，沮丧的
形容词 (adj.)
5. palate
/ˈpælət/
味觉；上颚
名词 (n.)
6. vicissitude
/vɪˈsɪsɪtjuːd/
变迁，盛衰
名词 (n.)
7. innocuous
/ɪˈnɒkjuəs/
无害的
形容词 (adj.)
8. apprehend
/ˌæprɪˈhend/
领会，捕捉
动词 (v.)
9. unconscious
/ʌnˈkɒnʃəs/
潜意识的
形容词 (adj.)
10. summon
/ˈsʌmən/
唤起，召唤
动词 (v.)
11. morsel
/ˈmɔːsl/
一小块（食物）
名词 (n.)
12. essence
/ˈesns/
精髓，本质
名词 (n.)
💡主旨品读
《追忆似水年华》玛德琳蛋糕片段，
是世界文学里写记忆最经典的段落。
普鲁斯特区分两种回忆：
主动刻意的回忆，和无意识、感官触发的非自主记忆。
多年前贡布雷的往事，靠刻意回想无法重现；
但一小块浸茶的玛德琳蛋糕，仅凭味觉，
就能瞬间唤回完整的旧日场景、氛围与情感。
逝去的时间看似已经消失，其实没有真正消亡，
它们沉睡在人的潜意识之中。
外在的物件、气味、味道只是唤醒记忆的钥匙。
真正的“追寻逝去的时光”，
不是试图强行留住流逝的岁月，
而是借助感官，
重新触碰到藏在心底的过往，找回曾经的自我。
适合感官记忆、向内探寻、时光与回忆、
表象和本质、找寻自我、
细微小事蕴藏巨大力量等作文主题。
©英语数字智库 版权所有
所有学习素材资料均为英语数字智库原创，禁止私自转载、
摘抄、复制、二次编辑、商用分发，任何侵权行为将依法追究责任。
请点击返回首页《世界经典文学名篇》130篇目录