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世界经典文学精选. 60
作者：Jane Austen 简·奥斯汀
选自简·奥斯汀《Pride and Prejudice》《傲慢与偏见》
英文原作，1813年1月28日出版。
英文原文
It is a truth universally acknowledged,
that a single man in possession of a good fortune,
must be in want of a wife.
However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be
on his first entering a neighbourhood,
this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families,
that he is considered the rightful property
of some one or other of their daughters.
“My dear Mr. Bennet,” said his lady to him one day,
“have you heard that Netherfield Park is let at last?”
Mr. Bennet replied that he had not.
“But it is,” returned she;
“for Mrs. Long has just been here,
and she told me all about it.”
Mr. Bennet made no answer.
“Do you not want to know who has taken it?” cried his wife impatiently.
“You want to tell me,
and I have no objection to hearing it.”
This was invitation enough.
“Why, my dear,
you must know,
Mrs. Long says that Netherfield is taken by a young man of large fortune
from the north of England;
that he came down on Monday in a chaise and four to see the place,
and was so much delighted with it,
that he agreed with Mr. Morris immediately;
that he is to take possession before Michaelmas,
and some of his servants are to be in the house by the end of next week.”
“What is his name?”
“Bingley.”
“Is he married or single?”
“Oh! Single, my dear, to be sure!
A single man of large fortune;
four or five thousand a year.
What a fine thing for our girls!”
“How so? How can it affect them?”
“My dear Mr. Bennet,” replied his wife,
“how can you be so tiresome!
You must know that I am thinking of his marrying one of them.”
“Is that his design in settling here?”
“Design! Nonsense,
how can you talk so!
But it is very likely that he may fall in love with one of them,
and therefore you must visit him as soon as he comes.”
“I see no occasion for that.
You and the girls may go,
or you may send them by themselves,
which perhaps will be still better,
for as you are as handsome as any of them,
Mr. Bingley might like you the best of the party.”
“My dear, you flatter me.
I certainly have had my share of beauty,
but I do not pretend to be anything extraordinary now.
When a woman has five grown-up daughters,
she ought to give over thinking of her own beauty.”
“In such cases,
a woman has not often much beauty to think of.”
“But, my dear,
you must indeed go and see Mr. Bingley when he comes into the neighbourhood.”
“It is more than I engage for, I assure you.”
“But consider your daughters.
Only think what an establishment it would be for one of them.
Sir William and Lady Lucas are determined to go,
merely on that account,
for in general, you know,
they visit no new-comers.
Indeed you must go,
for it will be impossible for us to visit him,
if you do not.”
“You are over-scrupulous, surely.
I dare say Mr. Bingley will be very glad to see you;
and I will send a few lines by you to assure him
of my hearty consent to his marrying whichever he chooses of the girls;
though I must throw in a good word for my little Lizzy.”
“I desire you will do no such thing.
Lizzy is not a bit better than the others;
and I am sure she is not half so handsome as Jane,
nor half so good-humoured as Lydia.
But you are always giving her the preference.”
“They have none of them much to recommend them,” replied he;
“they are all silly and ignorant like other girls;
but Lizzy has something more of quickness than her sisters.”
“Mr. Bennet, how can you abuse your own children in such a way?
You take delight in vexing me.
You have no compassion on my poor nerves.”
“You mistake me, my dear.
I have a high respect for your nerves.
They are my old friends.
I have heard you mention them with consideration these twenty years at least.”
“Ah! You do not know what I suffer.”
“But I hope you will get over it,
and live to see many young men of four thousand a year
come into the neighbourhood.”
“It will be no use to us,
if twenty such should come,
since you will not visit them.”
“Depend upon it, my dear,
that when there are twenty,
I will visit them all.”
Mr. Bennet was so odd a mixture of quick parts,
sarcastic humour, reserve, and caprice,
that the experience of three-and-twenty years
had been insufficient to make his wife understand his character.
Her mind was less difficult to develop.
She was a woman of mean understanding,
little information,
and uncertain temper.
When she was discontented,
she fancied herself nervous.
The business of her life was to get her daughters married;
its solace was visiting and news.
译文
凡是有钱的单身汉，总想娶位太太，这已经成了一条举世公认的真理。
这样的单身汉，
每逢新搬到一个地方，
四邻八舍虽然完全不了解他的性情如何，见解如何，
可是，既然这样的一条真理早已在人们心目中根深蒂固，
因此人们总是把他看作自己某一个女儿理所应得的一笔财产。
有一天，班纳特太太对她丈夫说：
“我的好老爷，尼日斐花园终于租出去了，你听说过没有？”
班纳特先生回答道，他没有听说过。
“的确租出去了，”她说，
“朗格太太刚刚上这儿来过，她把这件事的底细，一五一十地告诉了我。”
班纳特先生没有理睬她。
“你难道不想知道是谁租去的吗？”太太不耐烦地嚷起来了。
“既是你要说给我听，我听听也无妨。”
这句话足够鼓励她讲下去了。
“哦！亲爱的，你得知道，朗格太太说，
租尼日斐花园的是个阔少爷，他是英格兰北部的人；
听说他星期一那天，乘着一辆驷马大轿车来看房子，
看得非常中意，当场就和莫理斯先生谈妥了；
他要在米迦勒节以前搬进来，
打算下个周末先叫几个佣人来住。”
“这个人叫什么名字？”
“彬格莱。”
“有太太的呢，还是单身汉？”
“噢！是个单身汉，亲爱的，确确实实是个单身汉！
一个有钱的单身汉；每年有四五千镑的收入。
真是女儿们的福气！”
“这怎么说？关女儿们什么事？”
“我的好老爷，”太太回答道，
“你怎么这样叫人讨厌！
告诉你吧，我正在盘算，他要是挑中我们一个女儿做老婆，可多好！”
“他住到这儿来，就是为了这个打算吗？”
“打算！胡扯，这是哪儿的话！
不过，他倒作兴看中我们的某一个女儿呢。
他一搬来，你就得去拜访拜访他。”
“我不用去。你带着女儿们去就行了，
要不你索性打发她们自己去；
这样或许更好些，因为你的姿色并不亚于她们中的任何一个，
你一去，彬格莱先生倒可能挑中你呢。”
“我的好老爷，你太捧我啦。
从前也的确有人赞赏过我的美貌，
现在我可不敢说有什么出众的地方了。
一个女人家有了五个成年的女儿，
就不该对自己的美貌再转什么念头。”
“这样看来，一个女人家对自己的美貌也转不了多少念头喽。”
“不过，我的好老爷，彬格莱一搬到我们的邻近来，你的确应该去看看他。”
“老实跟你说吧，这不是我份内的事。”
“看女儿的份上吧。
只请你想一想，她们不论哪一个，要是攀上了这样一个人家，够多么好。
威廉爵士夫妇已经决定去拜望他，
他们也无非是这个用意。
你知道，他们通常不会拜访新搬来的邻居。
你非得去不可；
你不去，我们娘几个就没法去拜望他。”
“你实在过分心思啦。彬格莱先生一定高兴看到你的；
我可以写封信给你带去，就说随便他挑中我哪一个女儿，
我都心甘情愿地答应他把她娶过去；
不过，我在信上得特别替小丽萃吹嘘几句。”
“我希望你别这么做。丽萃没有一点儿地方胜过别的几个女儿；
我敢说，论漂亮，她抵不上吉英一半；论性子，好，抵不上莉迪亚一半。
可你老是偏爱她。”
“她们没有哪一个值得夸奖的，”他回答道；
“她们跟人家的姑娘一样，又傻，又无知；
倒是丽萃要比她的几个姐妹伶俐些。”
“我的好老爷，你怎么舍得这样糟蹋自己的亲生女儿？
你是在故意叫我气恼，好让你自己得意吧。
你半点也不体谅我的神经衰弱。”
“你真错怪了我，我的好太太。
我非常尊重你的神经。
它们是我的老朋友。至少在最近二十年以来，
我一直听你郑重其事地提到它们。”
“啊！你不知道我怎样受苦呢！”
“不过我希望你这毛病会好起来，
那么，像这种每年有四千镑收入的阔少爷，
你就可以眼看着他们一个个搬来做你的邻居了。”
“即使搬来二十个，那对我们又有什么用，
要是你不愿去拜访他们的话。”
“放心吧，我的好太太，等到有了二十个，我一定去一个个拜望到。”
班纳特先生真是个古怪人，
他一方面喜欢插科打诨，爱挖苦人，同时又不苟言笑，变幻莫测，
真使他那位太太积二十三年之经验，
还摸不透他的性格。
太太的脑子是很容易加以分析的。
她是个智力贫乏、不学无术、喜怒无常的女人，
只要碰到不称心的事，她就以为神经衰弱。
她生平的大事就是嫁女儿；
她生平的安慰就是访友拜客和打听新闻。
🔍长难句赏析与拆解
原句：
It is a truth universally acknowledged,
that a single man in possession of a good fortune,
must be in want of a wife.
句式解读：
本句是全书开篇经典长难句，采用it作形式主语结构，
真正主语为后面that引导的主语从句。
universally acknowledged是过去分词作后置定语修饰truth；
in possession of a good fortune介词短语后置修饰a single man。
整句句型为英语经典外位主语结构，
开门见山抛出全书核心社会背景，句式简洁典雅，自带讽刺意味。
句子主干：
All people universally recognize one truth:
a wealthy unmarried man must need a wife.
文学赏析：
这是文学史上最著名的开篇句。
简·奥斯汀以一句看似客观陈述的话，
暗含强烈讽刺，点出当时英国乡间社会的婚恋逻辑：
婚姻更多关联财富、地位与家族生计，而非爱情。
有钱单身男子的出现，立刻成为所有母亲眼中女儿的婚配机会。
一句话就铺开时代背景，奠定全书幽默讽刺的基调。
写作迁移点拨：
适用于社会现象思辨、表象与本质、
偏见认知、婚恋价值、世俗眼光类议论文段落。
仿写：
It is a belief widely recognized,
that a young person in pursuit of great dreams,
must be in need of perseverance.
仿写运用思路：
it形式主语 + 后置定语 + that主语从句结构，保留原作典雅文风。
原句：
However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be
on his first entering a neighbourhood,
this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families,
that he is considered the rightful property
of some one or other of their daughters.
句式解读：
本句为倒装让步状语从句（however引导）+
so…that结果状语从句构成的复合长句。
however little known表“无论多么不为人所知”；
on his first entering a neighbourhood为介词短语作时间状语；
so well fixed in the minds 构成so…that句型，引出结果。
of some one or other of their daughters多层介词后置修饰property。
从句嵌套层次丰富，逻辑连贯，讽刺意味浓厚。
句子主干：
No matter how little people know about
this rich single man’s thoughts when he moves in,
neighbouring families firmly believe this truth,
so they regard him as the proper match for one of their daughters.
文学赏析：
这句话进一步放大讽刺：
人们根本不了解这位年轻人的人品、性格，
只凭他有钱单身，就直接把他当成女儿的“财产”。
这就是世俗带来的偏见：人们习惯用财富衡量一个人的价值，
预先给人贴上标签，忽略人的本心。
这也呼应书名《傲慢与偏见》，偏见往往源于世俗固有观念。
写作迁移点拨：
适用于刻板印象、世俗偏见、标签化看人、不要以财富评判他人主题。
仿写：
However little known the hardships or struggles of such a dreamer may be
on his first stepping into a new field,
this stereotype is so deeply rooted in the minds of ordinary people,
that he is regarded as an impractical loser
without solid achievements.
仿写运用思路：
完整复刻however让步倒装 + so…that多层从句结构。
原句：
Mr. Bennet was so odd a mixture of quick parts,
sarcastic humour, reserve, and caprice,
that the experience of three-and-twenty years
had been insufficient to make his wife understand his character.
Her mind was less difficult to develop.
She was a woman of mean understanding,
little information,
and uncertain temper.
句式解读：
第一句so…that长句，核心结构：so odd a mixture that…；
多个名词quick parts, sarcastic humour,
reserve, caprice并列作介词宾语；
of three-and-twenty years后置修饰experience。
后面三句连续短句排比，介绍班纳特太太，采用of+名词后置定语，
形成人物对比，一长一短，节奏分明。
句子主干：
Mr. Bennet combined wit,
sarcasm, quietness and changeability in such a strange way,
that even twenty-three years of marriage could not let his wife understand him.
It was much easier to figure out Mrs. Bennet.
She lacked intelligence and knowledge, and had a changeable temper.
文学赏析：
作者用寥寥数笔完成一对夫妻的人物塑造。
班纳特先生聪慧幽默，看透世事，内心藏着讽刺；
班纳特太太头脑简单，一生只为女儿婚事奔波。
两个人性格反差巨大，
也折射出当时婚姻里人与人精神层面的隔阂。
奥斯汀不靠激烈情节，
仅凭对话与人物刻画，写出人性百态。
写作迁移点拨：
适用于人物刻画、性格差异、精神共鸣、世俗追求与独立思考主题。
仿写：
The old scholar was so rare a combination of gentle kindness,
quiet wisdom, firmness and modesty,
that decades of getting along
had not been enough for most people to fully grasp his soul.
The young man’s heart was easier to read.
He was a youth of shallow insight,
narrow vision,
and restless mood.
仿写运用思路：
复刻so…that长句+多组of名词后置定语，保持句式风格一致。
📝全篇句式特点
《傲慢与偏见》是英国现实主义小说经典。
选段大量使用形式主语结构、however让步倒装句、
so…that结果从句、多层介词后置定语、对话句式。
语言典雅克制，充满含蓄讽刺；长短句交错，对话生动自然。
行文逻辑：
抛出举世公认的真理，引出有钱单身汉搬入尼日斐花园；
班纳特太太急切告知消息，极力劝说丈夫前去拜访；
夫妻二人对话交锋，展现两人截然不同的性格；
交代班纳特太太一心想把女儿嫁出去的执念；
最后总结班纳特夫妇的性格，完成人物速写。
核心词汇
1. universally
/ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəli/
普遍地，全世界地
副词 (adv.)
2. acknowledge
/əkˈnɒlɪdʒ/
承认，公认
动词 (v.)
3. possession
/pəˈzeʃn/
拥有，持有
名词 (n.)
4. consent
/kənˈsent/
同意，应允
名词/动词 (n./v.)
5. vex
/veks/
使恼怒，困扰
动词 (v.)
6. compassion
/kəmˈpæʃn/
同情，体恤
名词 (n.)
7. sarcastic
/sɑːˈkæstɪk/
讽刺的，挖苦的
形容词 (adj.)
8. caprice
/kəˈpriːs/
反复无常，任性
名词 (n.)
9. insufficient
/ˌɪnsəˈfɪʃnt/
不足的，不够的
形容词 (adj.)
10. mean
/miːn/
低下的，浅薄的
形容词 (adj.)
11. temper
/ˈtempə(r)/
脾气，性情
名词 (n.)
12. solace
/ˈsɒləs/
慰藉，安慰
名词 (n.)
💡主旨品读
《傲慢与偏见》开篇这段文字，
以幽默的笔调描绘19世纪英国乡村的婚恋风气。
在那个时代，婚姻常常和财富、家族利益紧紧捆绑，
不少人看人先看家产，带着固有的偏见去评判他人。
作者借班纳特一家的故事告诉我们：
真正的感情不能建立在财富与世俗算计之上；
傲慢带来隔阂，偏见遮蔽双眼。
想要看清一个人，需要放下预设的标签，
聆听本心，看见对方真实的品格。
世俗的标准很容易干扰我们的判断，财富、地位只是外在，
人格与真诚才是人与人之间最珍贵的东西。
适配作文主题：摒弃偏见、放下傲慢、不被世俗裹挟、
识人观心、爱情与物质、独立思考、表象与本质。
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