了解更多托福:社会科学词汇目录

世界文学美文精选. 67

作者:John Keats 约翰·济慈

选自约翰·济慈《To Autumn》《秋颂》

英文原作,1819年9月写成,1820年出版。

英文原文

Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness,

Close bosom-friend of the maturing sun;

Conspiring with him how to load and bless

With fruit the vines that round the thatch-eves run;

To bend with apples the moss’d cottage-trees,

And fill all fruit with ripeness to the core;

To swell the gourd, and plump the hazel shells

With a sweet kernel; to set budding more,

And still more, later flowers for the bees,

Until they think warm days will never cease,

For Summer has o’er-brimm’d their clammy cells.

Who hath not seen thee oft amid thy store?

Sometimes whoever seeks abroad may find

Thee sitting careless on a granary floor,

Thy hair soft-lifted by the winnowing wind;

Or on a half-reap’d furrow sound asleep,

Drows’d with the fume of poppies, while thy hook

Spares the next swath and all its twined flowers:

And sometimes like a gleaner thou dost keep

Steady thy laden head across a brook;

Or by a cyder-press, with patient look,

Thou watchest the last oozings hours by hours.

Where are the songs of Spring? Ay, where are they?

Think not of them, thou hast thy music too,—

While barred clouds bloom the soft-dying day,

And touch the stubble-plains with rosy hue;

Then in a wailful choir the small gnats mourn

Among the river sallows, borne aloft

Or sinking as the light wind lives or dies;

And full-grown lambs loud bleat from hilly bourn;

Hedge-crickets sing; and now with treble soft

The red-breast whistles from a garden-croft;

And gathering swallows twitter in the skies.

译文

雾气氤氲、果实甘熟的秋,

你是催熟万物的太阳亲密挚友;

你同它密谋,如何满载恩泽,

让葡萄藤绕着茅檐累累垂挂;

让苔痕斑驳的村树压满苹果,

令每一颗果实熟透直达果核;

让葫芦鼓胀,榛壳饱满圆润,

里面藏着甘甜果仁;不断催发

一批又一批迟开的花供蜂采撷,

使蜂群误以为暖日永远不会停歇,

只因夏日早已灌满它们黏湿蜂房。

谁不曾常在丰收仓廪间与你相逢?

出外漫步的人总能将你寻见,

你悠然闲坐于谷仓的地板之上,

簸谷清风轻轻扬起你的发丝;

或是卧在收割一半的田垄酣眠,

罂粟花香令你沉醉,手中镰刀

放过下一垄作物与缠绕的野花;

有时你如同拾穗人稳稳顶起谷袋,

缓步跨过小溪;或是守在苹果榨机旁,

神色沉静耐心,

久久凝望缓缓滴落的果浆。

春日的歌声去往何方?是啊,它们何在?

不必追忆,你自有属于自己的乐章——

当层云染亮缓缓消逝的白日,

玫瑰色霞光铺洒在残茬原野;

成群小飞虫组成哀婉合唱,

在河畔柳丛间低吟悲鸣,

随风升腾,又随微风停歇沉落;

茁壮羊羔在山边高声咩叫;

篱边蟋蟀放声歌唱;红胸知更鸟

在园圃里发出清脆婉转的哨音;

归巢的群燕,在天际啾啾呢喃。

🔍长难句赏析与拆解

原句:

Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness,

Close bosom-friend of the maturing sun;

Conspiring with him how to load and bless

With fruit the vines that round the thatch-eves run;

To bend with apples the moss’d cottage-trees,

And fill all fruit with ripeness to the core;

To swell the gourd, and plump the hazel shells

With a sweet kernel; to set budding more,

And still more, later flowers for the bees,

Until they think warm days will never cease,

For Summer has o’er-brimm’d their clammy cells.

句式解读:

开篇是呼语结构,直接称呼秋天,

 Close bosom-friend of the maturing sun 

是同位语,对秋天进行拟人化定义。

 Conspiring with him 现在分词短语作伴随状语,

后面一连串不定式to load, to bend, to fill, to swell,

to plump, to set budding构成平行排比。

 that round the thatch-eves run 是定语从句,修饰vines。

 Until 引导时间状语从句,

 For 引导原因状语从句,解释蜂群产生错觉的缘由。

句子主干:

Autumn, the close friend of the sun,

works together with the sun to ripen all the fruits.

Bees mistakenly believe warm days will last forever,

because summer already filled their honeycomb.

文学赏析:

第一节以拟人开篇,把秋天塑造成太阳的密友,

原本带有贬义的conspiring(密谋),

在这里转为温情的诗意表达,

不是阴谋,而是共同促成万物丰收。

大量并列不定式层层堆叠,

句法本身就模拟丰收盈满、不断生长的饱满感,

视觉、触觉意象密集铺展,

葡萄、苹果、葫芦、榛子、晚花、蜜蜂,

完整呈现初秋万物成熟充盈的画面。

节奏舒缓从容,是济慈典型的感官美学,

不激烈抒情,而是沉浸在自然丰盈之中。

写作迁移点拨:

适用于季节描写、自然之美、丰收、生命成熟主题作文段落。

仿写:

Season of gold and gentle harvest glow,

Close quiet friend of the declining sun;

Working with it how to tinge and strew

With ripe wheat the fields that stretch beyond the run;

To bow with grain the dry old country reeds,

And steep all crops with sweetness to the seed;

To fatten plums, and round the cherry seeds

With rich soft flesh; to open blooming more,

And still more, late asters for the bees,

Until they deem mild autumn never ends,

For summer filled their waxen honey bends.

仿写运用思路:

复刻呼语+同位语拟人,

连续不定式平行排比,

定语从句+until时间状语+for原因从句结构,

适合写景抒情段落,

句式富有诗歌质感,

避免普通写景句单调平铺。

原句:

Who hath not seen thee oft amid thy store?

Sometimes whoever seeks abroad may find

Thee sitting careless on a granary floor,

Thy hair soft-lifted by the winnowing wind;

Or on a half-reap’d furrow sound asleep,

Drows’d with the fume of poppies, while thy hook

Spares the next swath and all its twined flowers:

And sometimes like a gleaner thou dost keep

Steady thy laden head across a brook;

Or by a cyder-press, with patient look,

Thou watchest the last oozings hours by hours.

句式解读:

首句是反问句,rhetorical question,

 whoever seeks abroad 是主语从句。

 find Thee sitting careless 为find + 宾语+现在分词宾补结构。

 Thy hair soft-lifted by the winnowing wind 独立主格结构。

 Drows’d with the fume of poppies 过去分词短语作伴随状语,

 while 引导并列时间状语从句。

 like a gleaner 介词短语作方式状语,

 keep Steady thy laden head 为keep + 宾语 + 形容词宾补。

句子主干:

Everyone can meet Autumn in the harvest fields.

Autumn appears in different farm scenes:

sitting in granary, sleeping in furrow,

carrying grain like a gleaner,

watching cider slowly drip.

文学赏析:

第二节继续深化拟人,

不再单纯写果实成熟,

而是把秋天化身成四种农作形象:

簸谷者、酣眠收割者、顶谷拾穗人、守候榨果的人。

多个sometimes平行列举不同画面,

画面由动态转入静谧,

时间缓缓流淌,

写出秋日慵懒、安宁、从容的气质。

独立主格、分词状语穿插,

句子长短错落,画面感极强,

把抽象季节转化成可看见的人物形象,

浪漫主义拟人手法运用炉火纯青。

写作迁移点拨:

适用于人物多场景刻画、自然季节拟人描写类作文段落。

仿写:

Who hath not met thee oft among the meadows?

Sometimes whoever roams the land may see

Thee resting calm on the old garden ledges,

Thy robe stirred softly by the drifting breeze;

Or on a half-picked orchard bank asleep,

Lulled by the scent of apples, while thy rake

Leaves the next row and all its tangled weeds:

And sometimes like a fruit-picker thou dost take

Steady thy filled basket over the creek;

Or by the jam-pot, with a quiet cheek,

Thou watchest the slow bubbles week by week.

仿写运用思路:

沿用反问句开头+主语从句,

find + 宾语 + 现在分词宾补,

独立主格、过去分词伴随状语,

平行列举多个人物场景,

适合写景写人,层次丰富,文学性强。

📝全篇句式特点

本文是济慈最后一首颂诗《To Autumn》《秋颂》,

属于英国浪漫主义经典颂歌,

全诗三节,每节十一行,以抑扬格五音步为主,

押韵精巧,大量使用拟人、

平行排比、分词结构、独立主格、呼语修辞。

诗歌逻辑层层递进:

第一节聚焦初秋丰收充盈,

秋天与太阳合作,催熟全部果实,

呈现万物饱满成熟的丰盈景象。

第二节把秋天拟人化为田间劳动者,

依次描绘谷仓、田垄、小溪、榨果机四种农忙画面,

展现秋日悠闲沉静的劳作图景。

第三节不再追忆春天逝去的歌声,

转而书写黄昏独属于秋天的乐声,

飞虫哀鸣、羊羔咩叫、蟋蟀、知更鸟、归燕,

收束全诗,接纳季节更迭,

在暮色与秋声里完成对秋天的礼赞。

核心词汇

1. mellow

/ˈmeləʊ/

甘熟的,醇厚的

形容词 (adj.)

2. fruitfulness

/ˈfruːtflnəs/

丰收,结果实

名词 (n.)

3. conspire

/kənˈspaɪə(r)/

密谋,协同合作

动词 (v.)

4. thatch

/θætʃ/

茅草屋顶

名词 (n.)

5. ripeness

/ˈraɪpnəs/

成熟

名词 (n.)

6. gourd

/ɡʊəd/

葫芦

名词 (n.)

7. hazel

/ˈheɪzl/

榛树,榛子

名词 (n.)

8. kernel

/ˈkɜːnl/

果仁,核

名词 (n.)

9. clammy

/ˈklæmi/

湿黏的

形容词 (adj.)

10. granary

/ˈɡrænəri/

谷仓,粮仓

名词 (n.)

11. winnowing

/ˈwɪnəʊɪŋ/

簸谷的

形容词 (adj.)

12. furrow

/ˈfʌrəʊ/

田垄,犁沟

名词 (n.)

13. poppy

/ˈpɒpi/

罂粟

名词 (n.)

14. gleaner

/ˈɡliːnə(r)/

拾穗人

名词 (n.)

15. cyder-press

/ˈsaɪdə pres/

苹果榨机

名词 (n.)

16. oozing

/ˈuːzɪŋ/

渗出,滴流

名词 (n.)

17. stubble

/ˈstʌbl/

残茬,麦茬

名词 (n.)

18. gnat

/næt/

小飞虫

名词 (n.)

19. sallow

/ˈsæləʊ/

柳丛

名词 (n.)

20. treble

/ˈtrebl/

高音,清脆高音

名词 (n.)

21. red-breast

/ˌred ˈbrest/

红胸知更鸟

名词 (n.)

22. twitter

/ˈtwɪtə(r)/

啾啾鸣叫

动词 (v.)

💡主旨品读

《秋颂》是济慈颂歌系列的收官之作,

也是他艺术成熟期最完美的作品之一。

全诗没有激烈的痛苦与挣扎,

不再像《夜莺颂》那样执着于逃离尘世、追寻永恒,

而是平静接纳季节轮回,

沉浸在秋天成熟、丰盈、安宁的美感之中。

诗人将秋天拟人化,

它既是与太阳共同孕育丰收的伙伴,

也是田间从容劳作的农人,

在暮色之中,还有独属于秋天的自然乐章。

济慈借这首诗表达重要美学思想:

美不必永远鲜活,

成熟本身就是一种圆满,

衰亡与暮色并不是纯粹的悲伤,

它是生命循环里自然、从容的阶段。

这首诗非常适配季节感悟、生命成熟、接纳变迁、自然之美、

生命轮回等高阶英语写作主题,

感官描写细腻,修辞丰富,句式典雅,

适合摘抄赏析、诗歌鉴赏与作文仿写训练。

©英语数字智库 版权所有

所有学习素材资料均为英语数字智库原创,禁止私自转载、

摘抄、复制、二次编辑、商用分发,任何侵权行为将依法追究责任。

请点击返回首页《世界经典文学名篇》130篇目录

发表回复

您的邮箱地址不会被公开。 必填项已用 * 标注

错误: Content is protected !!