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世界经典文学精选. 71

作者:Samuel Taylor Coleridge 塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治

选自《The Rime of the Ancient Mariner》《古舟子咏》

英文原作,收录于诗集《Lyrical Ballads》

《抒情歌谣集》,该诗集于1798年出版,这首诗作写于1797–1798年。

英文原文

It is an ancient Mariner,

And he stoppeth one of three.

“By thy long grey beard and glittering eye,

Now wherefore stopp’st thou me?

“The Bridegroom’s doors are opened wide,

And I am next of kin;

The guests are met, the feast is set:

May’st hear the merry din.”

He holds him with his glittering eye—

The Wedding-Guest stood still,

And listens like a three years’ child:

The Mariner hath his will.

The Wedding-Guest sat on a stone:

He cannot choose but hear;

And thus spake on that ancient man,

The bright-eyed Mariner.

“The ship was cheered, the harbour cleared,

Merrily did we drop

Below the kirk, below the hill,

Below the lighthouse top.

The Sun came up upon the left,

Out of the sea came he!

And he shone bright, and on the right

Went down into the sea.

Higher and higher every day,

Till over the mast at noon—”

The Wedding-Guest here beat his breast,

For he heard the loud bassoon.

The bride hath paced into the hall,

Red as a rose is she;

Nodding their heads before her goes

The merry minstrelsy.

The Wedding-Guest he beat his breast,

Yet he cannot choose but hear;

And thus spake on that ancient man,

The bright-eyed Mariner.

“And now the Storm-blast came, and he

Was tyrannous and strong:

He struck with his o’ertaking wings,

And chased us south along.

With sloping masts and dipping prow,

As who pursued with yell and blow

Still treads the shadow of his foe,

And forward bends his head,

The ship drove fast, loud roared the blast,

And southward aye we fled.

And now there came both mist and snow,

And it grew wondrous cold:

And ice, mast-high, came floating by,

As green as emerald.

And through the drifts the snowy clifts

Did send a dismal sheen:

Nor shapes of men nor beasts we ken—

The ice was all between.

The ice was here, the ice was there,

The ice was all around:

It cracked and growled, and roared and howled,

Like noises in a swound!

译文

有一位年迈的老水手,

拦住了赶路三人中的一个。

“凭你灰白长长的胡须和灼灼发亮的眼眸,

你为何要拦住我?

“新郎家的大门已经敞开,

我是新郎的至亲;

宾客已经齐聚,宴席已经备好,

你可以听见那欢快喧闹的声响。”

老水手用灼灼目光拉住他——

赴宴的宾客静静站定,

如同三岁孩童一般聆听:

老水手如愿开口讲述故事。

赴宴宾客坐在一块石头上:

他身不由己,只能倾听;

那位目光明亮的老水手,

就这样缓缓诉说往事。

“船只启航,港口渐渐远去,

我们愉快地向下航行,

经过教堂下方,山丘下方,

灯塔顶端的下方。

太阳从左边海面升起,

从大海之中一跃而出!

阳光耀眼明亮,到了傍晚,

便向着右侧沉入大海。

日复一日,太阳越升越高,

正午高悬在桅杆上方——”

宾客听到响亮的巴松管声,不由得捶打胸膛,

因为婚宴的乐曲已经响起。

新娘缓步走入大厅,

她娇艳得如同玫瑰;

欢快的乐师走在她前面,

一边行进一边点头吟唱。

宾客不住捶胸,

却依旧无法离开,只能继续聆听;

目光明亮的老水手,

继续讲着他的故事。

“这时风暴骤然来袭,

狂暴而力量十足:

它张开席卷一切的巨翼猛击船身,

驱赶着我们一路向南航行。

船桅倾斜,船头不断起伏,

如同被怒吼与狂风追赶的人,

始终逃不开敌人的阴影,

只能低头奋力向前,

船只飞速疾驰,狂风呼啸轰鸣,

我们一直向南奔逃。

不久大雾与大雪一同降临,

周遭变得异常寒冷:

桅杆一般高的浮冰漂过船旁,

碧绿如同翡翠。

积雪的悬崖在浮雪之间,

散发着惨淡微光:

看不到任何人与野兽的踪迹——

四周全是坚冰阻隔。

这里是冰,那里也是冰,

坚冰包围了我们的四周:

冰层爆裂、低吼、咆哮、嘶吼,

如同人晕厥时耳边的轰鸣!

🔍长难句赏析与拆解

原句:

With sloping masts and dipping prow,

As who pursued with yell and blow

Still treads the shadow of his foe,

And forward bends his head,

The ship drove fast, loud roared the blast,

And southward aye we fled.

句式解读:

主句为:

The ship drove fast, loud roared the blast, and we fled southward。

With sloping masts and dipping prow是前置伴随状语,描写船只姿态。

As引导方式状语从句,类比被狂风追赶的人,烘托风暴的压迫感。

诗歌采用倒装句式,loud roared the blast为完全倒装,

正常语序the blast roared loud,增强诗歌节奏张力。

整句长短交错,层层铺垫,先写景,再写狂风威力,

最后交代船只向南逃亡,画面一气呵成。

句子主干:

The ship drove fast, the blast roared loud.

We fled southward.

文学赏析:

本段描绘海上风暴骤起,船只被迫向南驶入冰封海域。

诗人使用拟人手法,将风暴塑造成暴虐强大的猎手,

张开巨翼追逐航船。

倒装句式、短促动词强化风暴凶猛的动态感,

营造紧张危急的海上氛围。

风暴是故事转折点,将航船推向南极冰海,

为后续遇见信天翁、水手犯下罪孽埋下伏笔。

景物描写兼具视觉与听觉,倾斜船桅、起伏船头、

冰层轰鸣,感官冲击力极强,体现浪漫主义诗歌想象力。

写作迁移点拨:

适用于灾难场景、自然力量、逆境压迫、环境烘托类英语写作段落。

仿写:

With bending boughs and trembling leaves,

As who pursued with shout and stroke

Still chases the shadow of his foe,

And downward bows his head,

The wind swept hard, loud screamed the gale,

And eastward aye we ran.

仿写运用思路:

完全复刻原句结构,保留前置伴随状语、

as类比从句、诗歌倒装句式。

用来描写狂风肆虐的自然场景,

动词短促有力,适合环境渲染类抒情段落。

📝全篇句式特点

本文节选自柯勒律治叙事歌谣《古舟子咏》,

是英国浪漫主义诗歌的标杆作品。

全诗采用古歌谣体,大量使用诗歌倒装、

跨行、拟人手法,句式长短错落,自带吟诵节奏感。

故事框架采用框架叙事:

老水手在路上拦下赴宴宾客,口述海上奇遇。

故事脉络:

船只出海,遭遇风暴,闯入南极冰封海域,

遇见信天翁,水手射杀信天翁后遭受诅咒,

历经磨难,最终学会敬畏生命完成救赎。

诗歌大量超自然奇幻景象,冰海、海上鬼船、

血色海水,兼具恐怖美感与道德哲思。

核心词汇

1. glittering

/ˈɡlɪtərɪŋ/

闪闪发光的,炯炯有神的

形容词 (adj.)

2. merry

/ˈmeri/

欢快的,热闹的

形容词 (adj.)

3. bassoon

/bəˈsuːn/

巴松管,大管

名词 (n.)

4. tyrannous

/ˈtɪrənəs/

暴虐的,肆虐的

形容词 (adj.)

5. prow

/praʊ/

船头,船首

名词 (n.)

6. emerald

/ˈemərəld/

翡翠,绿宝石

名词 (n.)

7. dismal

/ˈdɪzməl/

惨淡的,阴沉的

形容词 (adj.)

8. swound

/swuːnd/

晕厥

名词 (n.)

💡主旨品读

《古舟子咏》是柯勒律治代表作,

浪漫主义叙事诗歌讲述老水手出海,

射杀象征吉祥的信天翁,因而遭受重重磨难,

历经孤独、死亡的考验。

故事核心在于敬畏生命,万物皆有灵,

伤害生灵便会背负心灵的罪责,

唯有学会爱与祝福才能获得救赎。

诗歌融合奇幻、恐怖、自然哲思,

探讨人与自然、罪与救赎、孤独的主题。

适合生命敬畏、人与自然、内心忏悔、

苦难与救赎等英语写作主题。

古民谣句式优美,画面奇幻,

适合摘抄赏析以及作文仿写。

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