了解更多托福:人文学科词汇目录

一、基本含义

将来完成时表示在将来某一个特定时间点之前,已经完成的动作,该动作大概率会持续到那个将来时刻,

常用来对未来既定完成的事情做出预判。

二、基础构成结构

公式:will / shall + have + 动词过去分词

1. 人称使用规则:will适用于所有人称;shall仅搭配第一人称I、We,多用于正式书面语境。

I will have finished my homework by nine o’clock.

到九点我就会写完作业。

We shall have learned 10 units by the end of this term.

到本学期末我们将会学完十个单元。

2. 动词过去分词变化规则

规则动词词尾加-ed:finish — finished、plant — planted

不规则动词需特殊记忆:write — written、read — read、do — done

三、四大标准句式

1. 肯定陈述句

She will have repaired her bike by tomorrow morning.

到明天早上她就能修好自行车。

They will have traveled to five cities by the end of this holiday.

等到假期结束,他们将会游历五座城市。

2. 否定陈述句

在will/shall后添加not,缩写形式为won’t/shan’t

She will not have repaired her bike by tomorrow morning.

到明天早上她还修不好自行车。

They won’t have traveled to five cities by the end of this holiday.

假期结束前他们去不了五座城市旅行。

3. 一般疑问句

将will/shall提至句首

Will she have repaired her bike by tomorrow morning?

明天早上之前她能修好自行车吗?

Yes, she will.

是的,可以。

No, she won’t.

不行。

Shall we have finished the project before Friday?

周五之前我们能完成项目吗?

Yes, we shall.

可以。

No, we shan’t.

完不成。

4. 特殊疑问句

特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问语序

How many books will you have read by next month?

到下个月你会读完多少本书?

Where will they have arrived by midnight?

午夜时分他们将会抵达哪里?

四、核心适用场景

1. 搭配by+将来时间点,描述届时会完成的动作

By the time you arrive, I will have prepared dinner.

等你到的时候,我就已经备好晚饭了。

解析:by引导未来参照时间,做饭的动作会在对方抵达前结束。

2. 表示持续至未来某时刻的长期行为,搭配for、since

By next year, he will have lived in this town for eight years.

到明年,他就在这座小镇住满八年了。

3. 推测未来大概率完成的客观事实

The workers will have built the new library before school opens.

开学前工人们就能建好新图书馆。

五、高频易错点

❌ 错误句子:I finish the report by three o’clock this afternoon.

译文:今天下午三点前我完成报告。

错误解析:by+未来时间需要体现“届时已完成”的含义,一般现在时无法表达,需使用将来完成时。

✅ 正确句子:I will have finished the report by three o’clock this afternoon.

译文:今天下午三点前我就能写完这份报告。

❌ 错误句子:He will have plant all trees before spring ends.

译文:春季结束前他会种完所有树苗。

错误解析:have后必须使用动词过去分词,不能使用动词原形。

✅ 正确句子:He will have planted all trees before spring ends.

译文:春季结束前他会种完所有树苗。

❌ 错误句子:Shall he have learned French for a year by August?

译文:到八月他学法语就满一年了吗?

错误解析:shall只能用于I、We,第三人称主语统一用will。

✅ 正确句子:Will he have learned French for a year by August?

译文:到八月他学法语就满一年了吗?

❌ 错误句子:They will have leave the city before the storm comes.

译文:暴风雨来临前他们会离开这座城市。

错误解析:leave是短暂性动词,若搭配时长状语需替换延续性表达;单纯表完成也要使用过去分词left。

✅ 正确句子:They will have left the city before the storm comes.

译文:暴风雨来临前他们会离开这座城市。

六、拓展配套例句

The girls will have walked the whole distance from the boys’ camp to the girls’ camp

by six tomorrow evening.

到明天傍晚六点,女孩们将会走完从男生营地到女生营地的全程。

知识要点总结:

1. 基础结构:will/shall + have + 动词过去分词;will通用所有人称,shall仅用于第一人称;

2. 核心用法:

by加将来时间,表达该时点前完成的动作;

描述持续至未来时刻的长期行为;

预判未来会完成的客观事件;

3. 句式变换规则:否定句在will/shall后加not,疑问句把will/shall前置,have与过去分词形式固定不变;

4. 补充注意事项:短暂性动词可用于将来完成时表完成结果,但不能与for/since时长状语连用,

需更换对应的延续性词汇。

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