了解更多雅思:细分教育类话题词汇目录
一、基本含义
将来完成进行时立足当下说话时间,描述从现在或过去开始,一直持续到将来某一固定时间点的动作。
到这个未来时间时,动作大概率仍会持续,也可用于强调长期持续行为带来的影响、疲惫感,侧重体现过程的延续性。
二、基础构成结构
公式:will / shall + have been + 动词-ing形式
主语匹配规则
will可搭配所有人称主语;shall仅适用于第一人称I、We,多用于正式书面表达。
动词-ing变形规则
普通动词直接加ing:walk – walking、cook – cooking
不发音e结尾单词去e加ing:write – writing、take – taking
重读闭音节双写末尾辅音字母再加ing:run – running、sit – sitting
基础示范句
I will have been learning drawing for five years next month.
译文:到下个月我学画画就满五年了。
We shall have been waiting for the train for two hours by 8 o’clock.
译文:到八点的时候,我们等火车就等了两个小时。
三、四大标准句式
肯定陈述句
By the end of this summer vacation, I will have been practicing swimming for 60 days.
译文:等到这个暑假结束,我练习游泳就满六十天了。
By the time you arrive at the office, she will have been sorting files for three hours.
译文:等你到办公室的时候,她整理文件已经有三小时了。
否定陈述句
在will、shall后方加not,缩写形式为won’t、shan’t
By the end of this summer vacation, I will not have been practicing swimming for 60 days.
译文:等到这个暑假结束,我练习游泳还不到六十天。
By the time you arrive at the office, she won’t have been sorting files for three hours.
译文:等你到办公室的时候,她整理文件还没满三小时。
一般疑问句
将will或者shall放置在句子开头
Will you have been practicing swimming for 60 days by the end of this summer vacation?
译文:暑假结束时你练游泳就满六十天了吗?
肯定回答:Yes, I will.
译文:是的,我会。
否定回答:No, I won’t.
译文:不,不会。
Will she have been sorting files for three hours by the time you arrive?
译文:你到的时候她整理文件满三小时了吗?
肯定回答:Yes, she will.
译文:是的,她会。
否定回答:No, she won’t.
译文:不,不会。
特殊疑问句
句首写特殊疑问词,后面衔接一般疑问语序
How long will you have been practicing swimming by the end of the vacation?
译文:暑假结束时你练游泳一共多久了?
How long will she have been sorting files by the time we meet?
译文:我们碰面的时候她整理文件多长时间了?
四、核心适用场景
持续动作延续至未来某一时间点,动作届时可能继续开展
常搭配by引导的将来时间状语,搭配for、since标注时长。
例句:My brother will have been playing the guitar for a whole year by next week.
译文:到下周,我弟弟弹吉他就整整一年了,之后他还会接着练习。
用于预判未来时刻,长期行为造成的直观状态与感受
例句:Your eyes will be tired. You will have been reading books all night by midnight.
译文:午夜时你的眼睛会很累,到那时你已经看了一整晚的书。
体现未来时段内重复发生的长期行为
例句:By December, we will have been visiting our grandparents every weekend for ten months.
译文:到十二月为止,我们连续十个月每周末都会去看望祖父母。
五、高频易错点
错误句子:I will read books for four hours by ten tonight.
译文:今晚十点前,我要看四个小时的书。
错误原因:by加将来时间,需要体现持续到彼时的过程,一般将来时无法体现长期延续性。
正确句子:I will have been reading books for four hours by ten tonight.
译文:到今晚十点,我就已经连续看了四个小时的书。
错误句子:He will have been play basketball for a year next spring.
译文:明年春天,他练篮球就满一年了。
错误原因:have been后面必须使用动词-ing形式,不能使用动词原形。
正确句子:He will have been playing basketball for a year next spring.
译文:到明年春天,他就已经持续打一年篮球了。
错误句子:Shall he have been studying English for two years by September?
译文:到九月份他学英语就满两年了吗?
错误原因:shall只能用于I、We,第三人称主语统一使用will。
正确句子:Will he have been studying English for two years by September?
译文:到九月份的时候,他持续学英语就满两年了吗?
错误句子:They will have been know each other for five years by next holiday.
译文:等到下个假期,他们相识就满五年了。
错误原因:know属于静态状态动词,无持续进行的动作含义,不能用于完成进行时。
修改方案:They will have known each other for five years by next holiday.
译文:等到下个假期,他们相识就满五年了。
六、拓展例句
The hikers will have been walking along the mountain path for three hours by sunset.
译文:日落时分,徒步的人们已经沿着山间小路行走三小时了。
知识要点总结:
1. 基础结构:所有人称可用will have been + 动词-ing;第一人称可选用shall have been + 动词-ing。
2. 核心用法:一是描述从现在延续到未来某时刻的持续性动作;二是预判长期动作在未来带来的身体、环境状态;
三是表示未来周期内反复进行的固定行为。
3. 句式变换规则:否定句直接在will/shall后加not,疑问句把will/shall前置,have been和动词-ing固定不变化。
4. 补充注意事项:like、know、own、believe等静态动词不能用于该时态;
时态常搭配by、for、since、how long等时间类词汇。
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