篇章导语:
将来完成时的被动语态由将来完成时态与被动结构组合而成,主要用来表述:截止将来某个指定时间点,
某事已经被完成;主语是动作的承受对象,无法自主发出动作,日常文书、事务描述中使用广泛,
常用提示词:by+将来时间、before+将来动作。
了解更多相关语法知识请点击链接主动与被动语态25篇用法详解目录
▶ 功能说明:侧重站在现在视角,预判到未来某一时间节点时,相关事物已完成处置,突出动作届时完结的客观状态。
▶ 结构公式:will have been + 动词过去分词
细分规则:无论主语是单数名词、不可数名词、复数名词还是各类人称代词,统一固定使用will have been,
无单复数变化。
✅ The project will have been finished by the end of next month.
【到下个月末,这项工程就会完工。】
解析:主语the project为单数名词,选用will have been结构;工程需要人员施工建造,
属于动作承受者,will have been构成将来完成被动框架,finished是finish的过去分词,
by+将来时间是将来完成时标志性搭配。
✅ All the letters will have been posted before Friday.
【周五之前所有信件都会寄出。】
解析:主语letters是复数名词,同样搭配will have been;信件无法自己邮寄,是被动动作,before接将来时间,
契合将来完成被动使用场景。
✅ This new road will have been built by next summer.
【到明年夏天,这条新路就会修建完毕。】
解析:单数主语road搭配will have been,道路由施工队修建,by next summer为将来截止时间,
精准体现截止未来时点动作完成。
✅ The old books will have been sorted out before the holiday comes.
【假期来临前,旧书就会全部整理完毕。】
解析:books为复数名词,统一使用will have been,书本依靠人整理,符合被动语态逻辑。
主动语态与被动语态对比:
▶ 主动语态:
Workers will have finished the project by the end of next month.
【工人们在下个月末前就会完工这项工程。】
▶ 被动语态:
The project will have been finished by the end of next month.
【到下个月末,这项工程就会完工。】
解析:workers是动作发出主体,采用将来完成主动结构will have+过去分词;project是动作承受对象,
被动结构额外添加been,变成will have been done.
▶ 主动语态:
We will have posted all the letters before Friday.
【我们会在周五前把所有信件寄出去。】
▶ 被动语态:
All the letters will have been posted before Friday.
【周五之前所有信件都会寄出。】
解析:we是动作执行者,用主动将来完成;信件不能自主寄出,被动句式套用will have been posted.
正误对照:
✅ The goods will have been packed before noon tomorrow.
【明天中午前货物就能打包完毕。】
❌ The goods will have packed before noon tomorrow.
【明天中午前货物就能打包完毕。】
解析:货物不能自行打包,缺少been则变为主动语态,主语无法发出动作,语法错误。
✅ All the rooms will have been cleaned by his arrival tomorrow.
【明天他到来前,所有房间都会打扫完毕。】
❌ All the rooms will have cleaned by his arrival tomorrow.
【明天他到来前,所有房间都会打扫完毕。】
解析:房间是打扫的承受方,省略been后结构错误,不符合将来完成被动构成规则。
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知识要点总结:
1. 固定构造:将来完成时被动语态=will have been + 动词过去分词,been是被动必备组成,不可省略。
2. 主谓搭配:全部人称、单复数主语,统一使用will have been,没有变形变化。
3. 使用前提:动作截止未来某个时间点完成,主语为动作承受者,常搭配by+将来时间、before+将来事件。
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