了解更多从句引导词含义与用法目录

一、语法定义

一个完整句子分为主句与定语从句两部分。被修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词;

连接主句和从句的单词是关系词(关系代词/关系副词);跟随先行词、由关系词引导的分句为定语从句。

完整结构公式:主句主语 + 主句谓语 + 先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句主语 + 定语从句谓语

划分原则:先找出先行词,再判断关系词在从句内部充当的句子成分,清晰拆分主句、从句。

二、整体结构拆分步骤(四步划分法)

步骤1:划出整个句子的主干(主句主谓宾);

步骤2:圈出被修饰的名词,即为先行词;

步骤3:标出关系词,区分是关系代词(who/which/that)还是关系副词(when/where/why);

步骤4:分析关系词在从句中所作成分,划分定语从句范围。

三、类型一:关系代词that/which/who引导,关系词作从句主语

完整结构:主句(主语+谓语+先行词)+关系代词+从句谓语+其他成分

关系代词充当定语从句主语,不可省略,从句紧跟先行词。

例句:The girl who stands under the tree is my deskmate.

译文:站在树下的那个女孩是我的同桌。

结构划分:

主句:The girl is my deskmate.(句子主干:主语the girl + 系动词is + 表语my deskmate)

先行词:the girl(指人,被从句修饰)

关系词:who

定语从句:who stands under the tree(who作从句主语,stands作从句谓语)

❌错误划分:The girl who stands under the tree is / my deskmate.

错误解析:错误割裂主句结构,is属于主句系动词,不属于从句。

✅正确划分:The girl(who stands under the tree)is my deskmate.

译文:站在树下的女孩是我的同桌。

例句:The book which lies on the desk is very popular.

译文:放在桌子上的这本书很受欢迎。

划分:The book(which lies on the desk)is very popular.

主句:The book is very popular;先行词the book;定语从句which lies on the desk。

四、类型二:关系代词that/which/who引导,关系词作从句宾语

结构:主句(主语+谓语+先行词)+关系代词(可省略)+从句主语+从句谓语

关系代词作从句动词的宾语,可以省略,省略之后句子依然完整。

例句:The letter that I received yesterday is very important.

译文:我昨天收到的那封信十分重要。

结构划分:

主句:The letter is very important.

先行词:the letter

关系词:that,作received的宾语,可以省略

定语从句:that I received yesterday

✅完整写法:The letter(that I received yesterday)is very important.

✅省略关系词写法:The letter(I received yesterday)is very important.

❌错误句子:The letter that I received it yesterday is very important.

错误解析:that已经充当received的宾语,从句不能重复添加it。

✅正确句式:The letter that I received yesterday is very important.

译文:我昨天收到的那封信十分重要。

五、类型三:关系副词when/where/why引导,从句主谓宾完整

关系副词不作主语、宾语,只作状语,从句本身主谓宾齐全,关系副词不可省略。

1.when引导(先行词为时间名词)

例句:I will never forget the day when we worked together.

译文:我永远不会忘记我们一同共事的日子。

划分:I will never forget the day(when we worked together).

主句:I will never forget the day.

先行词:the day(时间名词)

定语从句:when we worked together(从句we worked together成分完整,when作时间状语)

2.where引导(先行词为地点名词)

例句:This is the factory where my father works.

译文:这就是我父亲工作的那家工厂。

划分:This is the factory(where my father works).

主句:This is the factory.

先行词:the factory(地点名词)

定语从句:where my father works(从句结构完整,where作地点状语)

3.why引导(先行词只有the reason)

例句:I know the reason why he was late for school.

译文:我知道他上学迟到的原因。

划分:I know the reason(why he was late for school).

主句:I know the reason.

定语从句:why he was late for school(从句结构完整,why作原因状语)

六、易混结构区分(从句成分完整/残缺划分不同)

1.先行词同为时间名词,结构划分不一样

I remember the day when we studied together.

译文:我记得我们一起学习的那一天。

从句we studied together成分完整→关系副词when,从句作时间状语。

划分:I remember the day(when we studied together)。

I remember the day that we spent together.

译文:我记得我们一起度过的那一天。

从句spent缺少宾语 → 关系代词that,that作spent宾语可省略。

划分:I remember the day(that we spent together)。

2.先行词同为地点名词,划分差异

This is the school where we studied English together.

译文:这就是我们一同学习英语的地方。

从句结构完整,主谓宾齐全,选用关系副词where。

This is the school that I visited with my classmates last year.

译文:这就是我去年和同学们一起参观过的学校。

从句谓语动词缺少宾语,选用关系代词that。

七、高频易错点

1.混淆主句与定语从句边界,把主句谓语划入从句范围;

2.关系代词已经充当从句宾语,从句额外重复添加宾语it/them;

3.先行词是时间、地点名词,不分析从句成分,直接误用when/where划分从句;

4.随意省略关系副词when/where/why,此类词汇一律不可省略。

知识要点总结:

划分定语从句先提取主句主干,圈定先行词;从句主谓宾成分残缺,使用that/which/who关系代词,

作宾语时关系词可省略;从句主谓宾结构完整,使用when/where/why关系副词,不可省略;关系词归属定语从句,

不可与主句成分混淆,从句不可重复出现宾语成分。

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