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作者：Anton Chekhov（安东·契诃夫）
首次出版：1887 年 3 月 9 日
首次收录于：《The Wife and Other Stories》《妻子及其他故事》
出版背景：俄国，以报刊刊载形式推出
收录说明：后广泛收录于各类契诃夫短篇小说选本
创作背景：
这是契诃夫经典讽刺短篇。
小说讲述一对生活安稳的中产夫妇，
偶然发现彩票组号中奖，
在幻想七万五千卢布奖金的过程中，
内心滋生猜忌、自私与怨恨，
最终发现彩票并未中奖，
幻想瞬间破灭的故事。
作品借一张彩票，
犀利剖析金钱诱惑之下人性的虚伪与隔阂。
英文原文
Ivan Dmitritch,
a middle-class man who lived with his family
on an income of twelve hundred roubles a year
and was very well satisfied with his lot,
sat down on the sofa after supper
and began reading the newspaper.
“I forgot to look at the newspaper today,”
his wife said to him as she cleared the table.
“Look and see whether the list of drawings is there.”
“Yes, it is,” said Ivan Dmitritch;
“but hasn’t your ticket lapsed?”
“No; I took the interest on Tuesday.”
“What is the number?”
“Series 9,499, number 26.”
“All right . . . we will look . . . 9,499 and 26.”
Ivan Dmitritch had no faith in lottery luck,
and would not, as a rule,
have consented to look at the lists of winning numbers,
but now, as he had nothing else to do
and as the newspaper was before his eyes,
he passed his finger downwards along the column of numbers.
And immediately,
as though in mockery of his scepticism,
no further than the second line from the top,
his eye was caught by the figure 9,499!
Unable to believe his eyes,
he hurriedly dropped the paper on his knees
without looking to see the number of the ticket,
and, just as though some one had given him a douche of cold water,
he felt an agreeable chill in the pit of the stomach;
tingling and terrible and sweet!
“Masha, 9,499 is there!”
he said in a hollow voice.
His wife looked at his astonished and panic-stricken face,
and realized that he was not joking.
“9,499?”
she asked,
turning pale and dropping the folded tablecloth on the table.
“Yes, yes … it really is there!”
“And the number of the ticket?”
“Oh, yes! There’s the number of the ticket too.
But stay … wait!
Anyway, the number of our series is there!
Anyway, you understand….”
Looking at his wife,
Ivan Dmitritch gave a broad, senseless smile,
like a baby when a bright object is shown it.
His wife smiled too;
it was as pleasant to her as to him
that he only mentioned the series,
and did not try to find out the number of the winning ticket.
To torment and tantalize oneself with hopes of possible fortune
is so sweet, so thrilling!
“It is our series,”
said Ivan Dmitritch,
after a long silence.
“So there is a probability that we have won.
It’s only a probability, but there it is!”
“Well, now look!”
“Wait a little.
We shall have time to be disappointed.
It’s in the second line from the top,
so the prize is seventy-five thousand.
That’s not money, it’s power, capital!
And in a minute I shall look at the list,
and there — 26!
Eh?
I say, what if we really have won?”
The husband and wife began laughing
and staring at one another in silence.
The possibility of winning bewildered them;
they could not have said,
could not have dreamed,
what they both wanted that seventy-five thousand for,
what they would buy,
where they would go.
They thought only of the figures 9,499 and 75,000
and pictured them in their imagination,
while somehow they did not think of the happiness itself
which was so possible.
Ivan Dmitritch,
holding the paper in his hand,
walked several times from corner to corner,
and only when he had recovered from the first impression
began dreaming a little.
“And if we have won,”
he said —
“why, it will be a new life, it will be a transformation!
The ticket is yours,
but if it were mine I should,
first of all,
of course,
spend twenty-five thousand on some real property in the shape of an estate;
ten thousand for immediate expenses,
new furnishing, travelling, paying debts, and so on….”
His wife listened,
and in her eyes there gleamed desires of her own.
“If it is ours,”
she said,
“why, we could go abroad!”
They began imagining journeys,
estates, quiet country days.
But little by little,
dark thoughts crept into their minds.
Ivan began looking at his wife with hostility.
He was annoyed that the ticket was in her name, not his.
She too watched him suspiciously,
afraid he would seize the money.
Their smiles faded.
The sweet hope turned sour.
They sat side by side,
already enemies,
bound by the temptation of gold.
Suddenly Ivan glanced again at the newspaper.
“Series 9,499, number 46,”
he read dully.
“Not 26. It is not ours.”
The hope vanished at once.
Ivan and his wife both turned away from each other.
The room seemed dark and dull.
The seventy-five thousand was gone.
They were poor again,
and the old, petty irritation returned to their hearts.
译文
伊凡·德米特里奇，
一个家道小康的男人，
全家一年收入一千二百卢布，
原本对自己的生活十分知足。
晚饭过后，他坐在沙发上，
拿起报纸读起来。
“我今天忘了看报纸，”
妻子一边收拾餐桌一边对他说，
“你看看上面有没有开奖号码。”
“有的，”伊凡·德米特里奇说道，
“不过你的彩票过期了吗？”
“没有，星期二我去兑过利息。”
“号码是多少？”
“组号9499，号码26。”
“好……我们来看看……9499，26。”
伊凡本来不相信彩票能中奖，
平时一般也不会去翻看中奖名单，
但此刻无事可做，
报纸就在眼前，
他顺着栏目一行行往下扫视。
紧接着，
仿佛故意嘲弄他的怀疑一般，
就在第二行，
他看见了9499这个数字！
他几乎不敢相信自己的眼睛，
慌忙把报纸搁在膝盖上，
还没去看彩票号码，
一股寒意猛地从心底升起，
又忐忑，又兴奋，滋味难言！
“玛莎，有9499！”
他声音发闷地说道。
妻子望着他惊慌又激动的神情，
知道他不是在开玩笑。
“9499？”
她脸色发白，
手里叠好的桌布掉落在桌上。
“是的，是的，真的有！”
“那彩票号码呢？”
“啊，对，上面还有号码。
先别急……等等！
至少我们的组号对上了！
你懂的……”
伊凡看着妻子，傻乎乎地咧开嘴笑，
像小孩子看见鲜亮的物件一般。
妻子也笑了；
和他一样心里美滋滋的，
他只提到组号，
还没有去核对完整的中奖号码。
抱着暴富的幻想自我煎熬，
甜蜜又让人激动！
“组号是我们的，”
沉默许久之后伊凡开口，
“也就是说我们有可能中奖。
只是有可能，但毕竟有希望！”
“那你快看看号码！”
“别急。
失望有的是机会。
这一档奖金是七万五千卢布。
这不只是钱，是底气，是资产！
等下我再看，要是号码正好是26！
哎？
你想想，万一我们真的中了呢？”
夫妻俩笑了起来，
静静对视着。
中奖的可能性让他们心神恍惚；
他们说不清，
也不曾认真设想，
这七万五千卢布要用来做什么，
要买什么东西，
要去往哪里。
脑海里只盘旋着9499和75000这两组数字，
在想象里反复描摹，
却没有去想那份唾手可得的幸福本身。
伊凡手里攥着报纸，
在屋里来回走了好几趟，
等最初的激动稍稍平复，
开始畅想起来。
“要是真中了，”
他说，
“那就是全新的生活，一切都会改变！
彩票写的是你的名字，
可要是归我，我首先拿出两万五买一处庄园；
再拿一万用来日常开销，
添置家具、出门旅行、还清债务……”
妻子听着，
眼里也燃起属于她自己的念想。
“要是这笔钱属于我们，”
她说，
“我们可以出国！”
他们开始幻想远行、庄园、悠闲的乡间日子。
可慢慢地，
阴暗的念头悄悄钻进心里。
伊凡看向妻子，满是敌意。
他懊恼彩票登记在妻子名下，不属于自己。
妻子也警惕地打量他，
担心他把钱占为己有。
笑容慢慢消散。
美好的期待变了味道。
他们并肩坐着，
已然像一对仇敌，
被金钱的诱惑捆在一起。
忽然，伊凡再次看向报纸。
“组号9499，号码46，”
他语气沉闷地读出来，
“不是26。不是我们的。”
希望瞬间烟消云散。
伊凡和妻子各自别过头。
屋子一下子昏暗沉闷。
七万五千卢布化为泡影。
他们依旧清贫，
往日那些琐碎的嫌隙，再次涌上心头。
🔍长难句赏析与拆解
原句一
Ivan Dmitritch,
a middle-class man who lived with his family
on an income of twelve hundred roubles a year
and was very well satisfied with his lot,
sat down on the sofa after supper
and began reading the newspaper.
句式解读
本句主语后接同位语，
同位语内部嵌套who引导的定语从句，
用来介绍主人公身份与生活状态；
主句为and连接的并列谓语。
主干：Ivan Dmitritch sat down and began reading the newspaper.
原句二
To torment and tantalize oneself with hopes of possible fortune
is so sweet, so thrilling!
句式解读
不定式短语在句中作主语，
表达抽象感受，
写出人被暴富幻想牵动的复杂心理。
主干：To torment and tantalize oneself is so sweet, so thrilling!
原句三
But little by little,
dark thoughts crept into their minds.
Ivan began looking at his wife with hostility.
句式解读
两句都是简单句。
第一句为主谓结构；
第二句with hostility介词短语作方式状语，
体现人物心理转变。
主干：Dark thoughts crept into their minds.
Ivan began looking at his wife.
📖全篇句式特点
文本长短句交错。
多用定语从句、同位语结构交代人物背景。
前期大量心理描写，
依靠短句推进情绪变化；
对话简短朴实，贴近普通人日常。
情绪从惊喜、憧憬，
慢慢转向猜忌、对立，
最后归于落空后的失落。
适合学习心理描写、不定式作主语、同位语的写作用法。
核心词汇
1. lapsed
/læpst/
失效的，过期的
形容词（adj.）
2. scepticism
/ˈskeptɪsɪzəm/
怀疑态度，怀疑主义
名词（n.）
3. tantalize
/ˈtæntəlaɪz/
勾起欲望，使人可望而不可即
动词（v.）
4. probability
/ˌprɒbəˈbɪləti/
可能性，概率
名词（n.）
5. bewilder
/bɪˈwɪldə(r)/
使迷惑，使不知所措
动词（v.）
6. hostility
/hɒˈstɪləti/
敌意，仇视
名词（n.）
7. petty
/ˈpeti/
琐碎的，狭隘的
形容词（adj.）
8. torment
/ˈtɔːment/
折磨，使痛苦
动词（v.）
9. estate
/ɪˈsteɪt/
庄园，地产
名词（n.）
10. creep
/kriːp/
悄悄滋生，蔓延
动词（v.）
📜文学赏析
《彩票》是契诃夫经典心理讽刺短篇。
故事开篇塑造一对知足安稳的夫妻形象。
一张彩票带来中奖的错觉，
金钱的幻想快速放大人性深处的自私。
两人先是一同畅想美好生活，
很快就开始互相提防、心生怨恨。
作者没有激烈冲突，
只用细腻的心理变化讽刺金钱对人性的腐蚀。
幻想破灭之后，
一切回到原点，
但夫妻之间已经生出隔阂。
平淡的结局，
恰恰是讽刺力量最强的地方。
💡主旨品读
小说想要表达：
摧毁平淡幸福的往往不是贫穷，
而是不切实际的财富幻想。
金钱可以勾起人内心潜藏的贪婪，
哪怕只是虚无缥缈的希望，
也足以让亲密的人互相猜忌反目。
真正的安宁，
来自于对当下生活的知足。
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