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The Necklace《项链》

作者:居伊·德·莫泊桑(Guy de Maupassant)

首次出版:1884 年 2 月正式出版。

首次发表刊物:《高卢人报》(Le Gaulois)。

出版背景:法国原版刊印,后世多次校勘再版。

多国译本与双语选编版本广泛流传。

收录说明:该版本为原著定本,

讲述玛蒂尔德为一条借来的项链耗尽青春偿还债务。

一场虚荣引发的悲剧反转,是莫泊桑短篇小说讽刺艺术的经典代表。

创作背景:

十九世纪后期法国社会,

浮华风气与阶层差距日益凸显。

莫泊桑借小人物的命运,辛辣讽刺虚荣,

也写出普通人被命运捉弄的无奈。

英文原文

Mathilde Loisel was one of those pretty and charming girls

who are born, as if by a slip of fate,

into a family of clerks.

She had no dowry, no expectations,

no way of being known, understood, loved, wedded

by any rich and distinguished man.

So she let herself be married

to a little clerk of the Ministry of Public Instruction.

She suffered endlessly,

feeling herself born for every delicacy and luxury.

She suffered from the poorness of her house,

from its mean walls, worn chairs, and ugly curtains.

All these things, of which other women of her class

would not even have been aware,

tormented her and filled her with indignation.

The sight of the little Breton girl

who did her humble housework

aroused in her regrets and wild, wandering dreams.

She dreamed of silent antechambers

hung with Oriental tapestry, lit by tall bronze candelabra.

She dreamed of vast reception rooms,

of fine furniture carrying priceless curiosities,

of dainty dishes served on marvelous plates.

She dreamed of elegant dinners,

of whispered conversations,

of being admired and sought after.

One evening her husband came home

with an air of triumph, holding a large envelope.

“Look here,” he said, “I have got something for you.”

It was an invitation to the minister’s ball.

Instead of being delighted,

as her husband had hoped,

she flung the invitation petulantly across the table.

“What do you want me to do with this?” she said.

“I have no dress, no jewel to wear.”

At last, after much thought,

she borrowed a splendid diamond necklace

from her old school friend Madame Forestier.

At the ball, Mathilde was a great success.

She was the prettiest woman present,

elegant, gracious, smiling, and quite crazy with joy.

All the men stared at her, asked her name,

begged to be introduced.

She danced with intoxication,

drunk with pleasure and praise.

But the necklace was lost on her way home.

From that moment,

Mathilde and her husband entered a life of hardship.

They dismissed their servant,

changed their lodging, and took a garret under the roof.

She learned the heavy work of the house,

the hateful toil of the kitchen.

She washed the dishes, soiled her soft nails,

carried down the garbage and fetched the water.

For ten long years they struggled,

to pay back every single debt.

Mathilde looked old now.

She had become a woman of impoverished households,

strong and hard and rough.

Her hair was neglected, her skirts awry,

her hands red and raw.

Yet sometimes,

when she sat by the window,

she would still think of that brilliant night long ago.

What would have happened,

if she had not lost that necklace?

Who knows?

How strange life is, how fickle!

How little is needed to ruin or to save!

One day she met Madame Forestier on the street.

Mathilde decided to tell her the whole truth.

Madame Forestier stopped short.

“Oh, my poor Mathilde!

Why, my necklace was paste.

It was worth at most only five hundred francs.”

译文

玛蒂尔德·卢瓦泽尔是一个美丽动人的姑娘,

好似命运的疏忽一般,降生在一个小职员家庭。

她没有嫁妆,没有指望,

没有途径结识、被赏识、被爱慕,

嫁给有钱体面的贵人。

于是她只好嫁给了

教育部的一名普通小职员。

她无休止地痛苦,

自认生来就该享受一切精致奢华。

简陋的房子、寒酸的墙壁、破旧椅子、难看窗帘,

都让她煎熬。

这些东西,同阶层别的女人根本不以为意,

却折磨着她,让她满心愤懑。

看着帮她做家务的布列塔尼小女佣,

她心中满是遗憾与飘忽的幻想。

她幻想挂着东方挂毯、青铜高灯照亮的安静前厅,

幻想宽敞华丽的客厅、摆放珍宝的精致家具,

幻想盛在精美餐盘里的佳肴,

幻想雅致晚宴、低声闲谈,

被众人欣赏、追捧。

一天傍晚,丈夫得意地回到家中,拿着大信封。

“你看,我给你带了一样东西。”

那是部长舞会的请柬。

可她并没有如丈夫期待那样欣喜,

反而赌气把请柬扔在桌上。

“你让我穿什么去?我没有礼服,没有珠宝。”

思索许久之后,

她向老同学福雷斯蒂埃夫人

借来了一条璀璨的钻石项链。

舞会上,玛蒂尔德大放异彩。

她是全场最美的女人,

优雅动人、笑意盈盈,沉醉在喜悦之中。

所有男人都注视她,打听她的名字,

希望和她相识。

她忘情地跳舞,

沉醉在赞美与欢愉里。

可在回家路上,项链弄丢了。

从这一刻起,

玛蒂尔德和丈夫坠入困苦的生活。

他们辞退女佣,搬去顶楼简陋阁楼。

她学着繁重的家务,忍受厨房枯燥辛苦的劳作。

洗刷碗碟,磨坏纤细的指甲,

倒垃圾、挑水。

整整十年,他们苦苦挣扎,

还清每一笔债务。

玛蒂尔德苍老了。

她变成穷苦人家那种粗糙坚韧的妇人。

头发疏于打理,衣裙歪斜,双手通红粗糙。

但有些时候,

当她坐在窗边,

依旧会想起多年前那个光彩夺目的夜晚。

倘若当初没有弄丢项链,

一切又会是什么模样?

人生何其无常,变幻莫测!

只需一点点意外,就能毁掉或者成全一个人!

某天她在街上偶遇福雷斯蒂埃夫人。

玛蒂尔德决定把全部真相告诉她。

福雷斯蒂埃夫人愣住了。

“啊,可怜的玛蒂尔德!

那条项链是仿钻的!

最多只值五百法郎。”

🔍长难句赏析与拆解

原句:

She suffered endlessly,

feeling herself born for every delicacy and luxury.

句式解读:

本句采用现在分词作伴随状语的经典结构,

主句铺垫人物状态,分词补充内心情绪,

句式松弛自然,是记叙文本高频万能句型,

适配阅读分析与作文心理描写仿写。

句子主干:

She suffered.

原句:

How strange life is, how fickle!

How little is needed to ruin or to save!

句式解读:

连续感叹句叠加收尾,短促有力、层层递进,

极大强化文本讽刺意境与人生感慨,

是结尾升华主旨的顶级句式,适合考场作文收尾。

句子主干:

Life is strange. Little is needed.

文学赏析

《项链》是法国短篇小说大师莫泊桑的巅峰代表作,

也是世界文学史上讽刺小说的经典范本。

不同于大众片面解读的“虚荣招致恶果”,

作者以极度克制、客观冷静的旁观者笔触,

完整刻画了普通人被命运裹挟的无奈与挣扎。

主人公玛蒂尔德并非纯粹虚荣的负面人物,

身处阶级固化的时代,底层女性毫无翻身出路,

对精致生活、体面人生的向往,

是平凡人对美好生活的本能追求。

小说最绝妙的文学张力,来自极致的反差讽刺:

一条看似价值连城的钻石项链,实则廉价仿制品,

女主耗尽十年青春、受尽人间疾苦偿还债务,

所有的煎熬、蜕变、成长,最终沦为一场荒诞的误会。

莫泊桑没有说教、没有批判、没有同情,

只是平铺直叙讲完一整段人生起落,

把对错、得失、命运的思考全部留给读者。

平淡的文字之下藏着厚重的人生思辨,

文字细腻真实、结构完整闭环,

是积累记叙文笔法、提升文本思辨能力的绝佳素材,

全篇文风克制高级,适配初高中、专升本、考研读写积累。

写作迁移点拨

适合写作主题:表象与本质、虚荣与平凡、命运无常、

取舍得失、人生沉淀、直面生活、破除执念。

高分仿写:

Many people chase gorgeous appearances and empty vanity,

devoting their precious time and youth to illusory glory.

Only after experiencing hardships can they realize

that true happiness lies in plain and down-to-earth life.

仿写运用:

复刻原文虚实对比的写作逻辑,句式工整高级,

适配各类议论文、感悟类作文结尾升华。

📖全篇句式特点

全篇以平实陈述句铺叙故事脉络,

穿插分词状语描写人物心理与状态,

结尾感叹句升华全文主旨。

文风冷静克制、无冗余修饰,

以细节反差制造讽刺效果,

句式简单流畅、层次清晰、可读性极强,

适配全阶段学生精读、积累句式与写作素材。

核心词汇

1. luxury

/ˈlʌkʃəri/

奢华,奢侈品

名词 (n.)

2. indignation

/ˌɪndɪɡˈneɪʃn/

愤慨,恼怒

名词 (n.)

3. splendid

/ˈsplendɪd/

华丽的,璀璨的

形容词 (adj.)

4. intoxication

/ɪnˌtɒksɪˈkeɪʃn/

陶醉,沉醉

名词 (n.)

5. hardship

/ˈhɑːdʃɪp/

艰难,困苦

名词 (n.)

6. garret

/ˈɡærət/

阁楼,陋室

名词 (n.)

7. impoverish

/ɪmˈpɒvərɪʃ/

使穷困,使贫瘠

动词 (v.)

8. fickle

/ˈfɪkl/

无常的,多变的

形容词 (adj.)

9. ruin

/ˈruːɪn/

毁灭,破败

动词/名词 (v./n.)

10. paste

/peɪst/

人造仿制品

名词 (n.)

💡主旨品读

全文以一条虚假的项链为线索,串联起女主十年人生沉浮,

揭露了世人沉迷表象、追逐虚无虚荣的普遍人性弱点。

玛蒂尔德的悲剧,不仅是个人虚荣的代价,

更是时代局限、阶级固化与无常命运的共同结果。

看似苦难摧毁了她的容貌与青春,

实则苦难褪去了她的浮躁与空想,

让她从沉溺幻想的虚荣少女,

蜕变为脚踏实地、敢于担当的普通人。

真假项链的终极反转,

让所有的执念、攀比、浮华瞬间沦为虚无。

文本最终告诉我们:真正的人生价值,

从不依附于外在的光鲜表象,

接纳平凡、踏实生活,才是最珍贵的人生底色。

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