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The Bet《打赌》
作者:安东·契诃夫(Anton Chekhov)
首次出版:1889 年
首次发表刊物:《新时报》(Novoye Vremya)
出版背景:俄国原版刊印,后世多次校勘再版。
多国译本与双语选编版本广泛流传。
收录说明:该版本为原著定本,
讲述银行家与律师立下一场荒诞赌约:
十五年监禁换取巨额财富。
漫长囚禁里律师饱读群书,
最终对金钱与生命意义有了颠覆性领悟。
一场赌局拷问自由、财富与灵魂,
是充满哲思的经典短篇。
创作背景:
十九世纪末俄国社会,
拜金风气盛行,物质与精神价值激烈冲突。
契诃夫借这场赌注,讽刺对财富的盲目追逐,
追问什么才是人真正值得拥有的自由。

英文原文
It was a dark autumn night.
An old banker paced back and forth in his study.
He remembered a party he had held years before,
where many clever guests had gathered.
They had argued about capital punishment.
Some said death was more moral,
others thought life imprisonment was better.
The banker, then young and rich,
shouted that death was kinder than lifelong prison.
A young lawyer joined the talk.
He said he would choose life over death.
“Better to live somehow,
than not live at all.”
The banker, heated by the debate,
made a wild bet.
“I will pay you two million roubles,
if you can stay in solitary confinement for fifteen years.”
The lawyer accepted the bet.
They signed a written agreement.
The banker locked him in a small wing of his estate.
No human contact was allowed.
He could ask for books, music, wine, anything he wanted,
but he could not see or speak to another person.
At first, in loneliness,
the lawyer suffered terribly.
He read light novels and poetry,
longing for the outside world.
As time passed, his tastes changed.
He turned to history, philosophy, science.
He read endlessly,
devouring thousands of volumes.
Year after year went by.
The banker’s fortune shrank.
If he lost the bet,
paying two million would ruin him.
He grew afraid.
On the eve of the fifteenth year,
he crept to the lawyer’s room,
planning to kill him to escape the debt.
He found the lawyer sitting at a table.
A note lay before him.
The lawyer had read and thought deeply.
He now despised wealth and freedom.
He had learned all human wisdom,
and money meant nothing to him.
He wrote that he would leave the room five hours early,
so he would forfeit the bet,
and give up the two million.
The banker stood stunned.
Tears rolled down his face.
He left quietly, ashamed of his greed.
The next morning,
servants found the lawyer gone.
He had slipped away in the night.
译文
那是一个阴沉的秋夜。
一位老银行家在书房里来回踱步。
他想起多年前举办的一场宴会,
当时来了许多学识渊博的客人。
众人争论死刑的对错。
有人说死刑更合乎道义,
另一些人认为终身监禁更好。
那时还年轻富有的银行家高声说,
死亡比漫长的牢狱仁慈得多。
一位年轻律师加入讨论。
他说自己宁愿活着,也不愿赴死。
“无论怎样活着,
也好过失去生命。”
银行家被争论冲昏头脑,
定下一场疯狂的赌约。
“如果你能独自囚禁十五年,
我付给你两百万卢布。”
律师接受了这场打赌。
二人签下书面协议。
银行家把他安置在庄园偏僻的小屋。
禁止和任何人接触。
他可以索要书籍、乐曲、美酒,任何想要的东西,
只是不能见到旁人,不能与人交谈。
起初,在孤寂之中,
律师万分煎熬。
他读轻松的小说、诗歌,
无比向往外面的世界。
日子慢慢流逝,他的阅读喜好渐渐转变。
他开始研读历史、哲学、科学。
他不停地阅读,
啃下了成千上万本书籍。
一年又一年过去。
银行家的家产不断缩水。
倘若输掉这场赌约,
拿出两百万会让他彻底破产。
他满心惶恐。
第十五年期限的前夜,
他悄悄摸到律师的房间,
打算杀死对方,免去这笔巨款。
他看见律师坐在桌前。
桌上放着一张字条。
律师博览群书,思索了十五年。
他已经看淡财富与自由。
他看透了人间所有智慧,
金钱对他而言毫无意义。
他写道,自己会提前五个小时离开小屋,
主动输掉赌约,
放弃那两百万卢布。
银行家呆立原地,大为震撼。
泪水顺着脸颊滑落。
他默默离开,为自己的贪婪羞愧不已。
第二天清晨,
仆人发现律师已经不见了。
他在深夜悄然离去。
🔍长难句赏析与拆解
原句:
He remembered a party he had held years before,
where many clever guests had gathered.
句式解读:
定语从句叠加,先交代核心事件,
再补充聚会的背景氛围,叙事舒缓自然,
适合回忆类开篇。
句子主干:
He remembered a party.
原句:
If he lost the bet,
paying two million would ruin him.
句式解读:
条件状语从句搭配动名词作主语,
简洁有力,直接点出银行家内心最大的恐惧,
制造故事冲突。
句子主干:
Paying two million would ruin him.
文学赏析
《打赌》是契诃夫极具思辨色彩的短篇,
故事由一场关于死刑与监禁的争论而起,
演变成一场跨越十五年的人性实验。
银行家以财富为筹码,
律师以青春自由下注。
十五年隔绝人世的独处,
没有把律师逼到崩溃,
反而让他在书本里遍历人类文明。
小说没有简单评判谁输谁赢。
银行家被财富困住,为保住钱财萌生杀意;
律师获得了精神上的觉醒,主动放弃巨额奖金。
契诃夫借这场荒诞的打赌抛出追问:
物质财富是否值得人付出自由?
广博的学识能不能让人超脱欲望?
这场赌局到最后,
赢的不是金钱,而是思想的醒悟。
写作迁移点拨
适合写作主题:物质与精神、欲望、
价值取舍、时间的意义、贪婪与觉醒。
高分仿写:
We often bet our precious time on worldly gains,
only to find what we chase is empty in the end.
仿写运用:
适合议论文升华,探讨物质追求和精神追求的抉择。
📖全篇句式特点
多用叙事性陈述句,节奏沉稳,
依靠对话、心理反转推动情节;
前期铺陈平静,结尾转折冲击力极强,
典型契诃夫式留白,道理藏在故事之中,不强行说教。
核心词汇
1. banker
/ˈbæŋkə(r)/
银行家
名词 (n.)
2. punishment
/ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/
惩罚
名词 (n.)
3. imprisonment
/ɪmˈprɪznmənt/
监禁,关押
名词 (n.)
4. solitary
/ˈsɒlətri/
独自的,孤单的
形容词 (adj.)
5. confinement
/kənˈfaɪnmənt/
禁闭,限制
名词 (n.)
6. estate
/ɪˈsteɪt/
庄园
名词 (n.)
7. despise
/dɪˈspaɪz/
鄙视,轻视
动词 (v.)
8. greed
/ɡriːd/
贪婪
名词 (n.)
9. forfeit
/ˈfɔːfɪt/
放弃,丧失
动词 (v.)
10. stunned
/stʌnd/
震惊的
形容词 (adj.)
💡主旨品读
这场打赌从一开始就是一场没有赢家的博弈。
银行家以为金钱可以衡量一切,
律师最初以为自由之外,财富是慰藉。
十五年与世隔绝的阅读,
让律师看透金钱的虚妄。
财富只能满足肉体,
思想的丰盈才能带来真正的超脱。
契诃夫想告诉我们:
世人拼命追逐的财富,终究是身外之物。
如果内心被欲望捆绑,
就算手握重金,依旧是囚徒;
倘若精神足够丰盈,
哪怕一无所有,也可以获得解脱。
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