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《The Snows of Kilimanjaro》《乞力马扎罗的雪》节选
作者：Ernest Hemingway（欧内斯特·海明威）
首次发表日期：1936年8月
首次发表刊物：《君子》Esquire
收录集子：《第五纵队与最初的四十九篇故事》
The Fifth Column and the First Forty-Nine Stories（1938）
创作背景：
源自海明威非洲狩猎的亲身经历，
借作家哈里在草原濒死的意识流动，
叩问艺术理想、虚度人生与死亡的终极命题。
英文原文
Kilimanjaro is a snow-covered mountain 19,710 feet high,
and is said to be the highest mountain in Africa.
Its western summit is called the Masai “Ngàje Ngài,”
the House of God.
Close to the western summit
there is the dried and frozen carcass of a leopard.
No one has explained what the leopard was seeking at that altitude.
“The marvellous thing is that it’s painless,” he said.
“That’s how you know when it starts.”
“Is it really?”
“Absolutely. I’m awfully sorry about the odor though.
That must bother you.”
“Don’t! Please don’t.”
“Look at them,” he said.
“Now is it sight or is it scent that brings them like that?”
The cot the man lay on was in the wide shade of a mimosa tree,
and as he looked out past the shade onto the glare of the plain,
there were three of the big birds squatted obscenely,
while in the sky a dozen more sailed,
making quick-moving shadows as they passed.
“They’ve been there since the day the truck broke down,” he said.
“Today’s the first time any have lit on the ground.
I watched the way they sailed very carefully at first,
in case I ever wanted to use them in a story.
That’s funny now.”
“I wish you wouldn’t,” she said.
“I’m only talking,” he said.
“It’s much easier if I talk.
But I don’t want to bother you.”
“You know it doesn’t bother me,” she told him.
“It’s that I’ve gotten so very nervous not being able to do anything.
I think we might make it as easy as we can until help arrives.”
“Do you think they will come?”
“Of course they will.
They must come soon.”
He looked out across the empty, burning plain.
He could feel the gangrene creeping steadily up his leg,
slowly devouring his flesh.
All the stories he had hoarded for years,
the tales he had promised himself he would write someday,
would never be put down on paper now.
He had traded his pen for comfort and wealth,
wasted his talent in lazy, indulgent days.
Death sat beside him, quiet and patient,
watching him sink into weariness and regret.
Sometimes his mind drifted away from the hot savanna.
He wandered back through old memories:
the snow of Austrian villages,
the roar of battle in the war,
the quiet taverns, the faces of people he had loved and lost.
These vivid fragments flickered in his fading consciousness,
bright, fleeting pictures he could no longer capture with words.
As dusk fell over the grassland,
he dreamed of the rescue plane coming for him.
In his vision, the plane climbed higher and higher,
soaring above the endless brown plains,
until at last he saw it:
Kilimanjaro, great, high, and unbelievably white in the sun.
It stood pure and untouched,
far beyond the messy compromises and wasted life he had lived.
译文
乞力马扎罗是一座海拔一万九千七百一十英尺的终年积雪的高山，
据说它是非洲的最高峰。
它的西高峰被马赛人称作“恩加杰·恩盖”，
意为上帝的殿堂。
就在西高峰的近旁，
躺着一具风干冻僵的豹子尸体。
没有人说得清，这只豹子跋涉到这般高寒之地，究竟在追寻什么。
“奇妙的是，它一点都不痛，”他开口说道。
“当死亡开始降临的时候，就是这样。”
“真的吗？”
“千真万确。只是这股气味实在难闻，
想必让你很难受。”
“别这么说！求你别这样。”
“你看那些鸟，”他说。
“到底是看见了我，还是闻到气味，才把它们引到这儿来？”
男人躺在帆布床上，栖身在含羞草宽大的树荫之下，
目光越过树荫，望向烈日灼照的茫茫荒原。
三只硕大的秃鹫模样丑陋，蹲伏在不远处；
还有十几只盘旋在高空，
飞掠而过时，在大地上投下转瞬即逝的黑影。
“卡车抛锚那天起，它们就守在这里了，”他说。
“今天是它们第一次落到地面上。
一开始我还仔细观察它们飞翔的姿态，
想着说不定哪天可以写进故事里。
现在想来，真是讽刺。”
“别再说这些了，”女人说道。
“我只是聊聊而已，”他说。
“说说话，我会好受很多。
我不想让你难受。”
“你知道这不会困扰我的，”她对他说。
“我只是束手无策，心里慌得厉害。
我们只能尽量放平心态，等着救援赶来。”
“你觉得他们会来吗？”
“他们当然会来。
很快就会到的。”
他望向空旷灼热的原野。
他能清晰感觉到坏疽顺着腿部不断向上蔓延，
一点点吞噬他的血肉。
那些积攒多年、珍藏心底的故事，
那些他曾暗暗许诺，等时机成熟一定要落笔写下的文字，
如今再也没有机会成型了。
他曾经用自己的创作天赋换取安逸与富足，
在慵懒放纵的日子里白白耗散才华。
死亡安静地陪在他身侧，耐心守候，
看着他被疲惫与无尽的悔恨慢慢吞没。
他的思绪时不时离开这片滚烫的草原，
坠入遥远的往事：
奥地利村庄皑皑的白雪，
战场上震耳的炮火轰鸣，
僻静的小酒馆，那些爱过又失去的人的面容。
鲜活的记忆碎片在他逐渐模糊的意识里不断闪烁，
明亮却短暂，再也无法被他诉诸笔端。
暮色缓缓笼罩草原，
他恍惚梦见前来营救他的飞机。
幻象里，飞机越飞越高，
掠过一望无际的黄褐色原野，
终于，他看见了它：
乞力马扎罗山，巍峨宏大，在日光下白得耀眼，纯净无比。
它静静矗立，不染尘埃，
远远高于他这一生所有妥协、沉沦与虚度。
🔍长难句赏析与拆解
原句一
The cot the man lay on was in the wide shade of a mimosa tree,
and as he looked out past the shade onto the glare of the plain,
there were three of the big birds squatted obscenely,
while in the sky a dozen more sailed,
making quick-moving shadows as they passed.
句式解读
本句是由and连接的并列复合句，
内部嵌套时间状语从句、there be句型，
同时包含现在分词作伴随状语，
是海明威经典的长句铺陈写法。
the man lay on 是省略关系代词that的定语从句，
用来修饰先行词the cot；
making quick-moving shadows 是现在分词短语作伴随状语，
逻辑主语是前面的a dozen more (birds)，
秃鹫飞翔的动作同步带来地面的黑影；
句子层次由近及远，从树下病床写到荒原、高空飞鸟，
用冷静客观的镜头式描写，烘托死亡步步逼近的压抑氛围，
不动声色之间，把危机四伏、死寂不祥的画面铺开，留白感极强。
句子主干：
The cot was in the wide shade of a mimosa tree,
and there were three of the big birds.
原句二
All the stories he had hoarded for years,
the tales he had promised himself he would write someday,
would never be put down on paper now.
句式解读
本句主语由两个并列的名词短语构成，各自嵌套省略引导词的定语从句。
he had hoarded for years修饰All the stories；
he had promised himself he would write someday修饰the tales；
被动语态would never be put down on paper弱化人为动作，
强调一个冰冷、无法逆转的结局：
毕生积攒的写作素材永久埋没。
两层定语层层叠加，加重遗憾感，
精准写出哈里临终时最大的痛苦——
不是肉体的溃烂，而是艺术理想彻底落空的绝望，
贴合小说“虚度才华”的核心悲剧。
句子主干：
All the stories, the tales would never be put down on paper now.
📖全篇句式特点
全文延续海明威标志性的冰山叙事风格，
长短句交错搭配，大量使用直白的对话推进情节。
表层是非洲荒原的实景描写、濒死之人的对话，
深层穿插意识流式的回忆闪回，虚实交织。
文字克制内敛，极少直白抒发内心痛苦，
将悔恨、不甘、对永恒的向往藏在景物与幻象之中。
秃鹫、荒原、雪山三组意象反复对照，
一边是腐烂、沉沦、俗世的欲望，
一边是圣洁、高远、精神的终极理想，
强烈的反差让文字的内核厚重悠长。
核心词汇
1. carcass
/ˈkɑːkəs/
（动物的）尸体，残骸
名词（n.）
2. altitude
/ˈæltɪtjuːd/
海拔，高处
名词（n.）
3. gangrene
/ˈɡæŋɡriːn/
坏疽
名词（n.）
4. hoard
/hɔːd/
珍藏，积攒
动词（v.）
5. mimosa
/mɪˈməʊzə/
含羞草
名词（n.）
6. savanna
/səˈvænə/
热带稀树草原
名词（n.）
7. obscurely
/əbˈskjʊəli/
隐晦地，丑陋地
副词（adv.）
8. indulge
/ɪnˈdʌldʒ/
沉溺，放纵
动词（v.）
💡主旨品读
这篇故事以乞力马扎罗山顶那具神秘的豹子尸体开篇，
为全文定下追寻、执念与死亡的基调。
作家哈里因伤口感染，在非洲草原走向生命终点。
肉体的衰败只是表象，真正折磨他的，
是他主动向物质安逸妥协、亲手埋葬文学理想的悔恨。
他拥有天赋，却沉溺享乐，把本该写下的故事永久搁置。
死亡来临之际，他的意识挣脱滚烫的荒原，
在幻境里飞向洁白崇高的乞力马扎罗雪峰。
雪山是精神的净土，代表纯粹、永恒、不曾妥协的理想，
和哈里混乱、虚度、充满遗憾的一生形成尖锐对照。
海明威借着哈里的临终回望告诉读者：
比起肉体的消亡，才华被挥霍、理想被消磨，
才是更深重、更无可挽回的死亡。
很多人终其一生，都在慢慢丢掉心中那座圣洁的雪山，
在世俗的舒适里，慢慢走向精神的荒芜。
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