了解更多:考研英语:伦理道德价值观词汇目录

作者:D. H. Lawrence(D.H.劳伦斯)

首次出版:1913 年 5 月

英国首版出版社 Gerald Duckworth and Company Ltd.(伦敦),

美国同期由 Mitchell Kennerley 发行

收录说明:初版独立长篇单行本,

后世收入多种劳伦斯小说全集与经典文库版本

创作背景:

《儿子与情人》带有浓厚的自传色彩,

故事取材于劳伦斯自身的家庭经历。

故事发生在英国诺丁汉郡的煤矿矿区,

工业时代的矿区生活压抑粗粝,

矿工的婚姻常常充满隔阂与争吵。

莫瑞尔太太对丈夫彻底失望之后,

把全部情感寄托在儿子身上,

形成扭曲、强烈的母子羁绊。

保罗在母亲的精神掌控之下,

先后遇见 Miriam 与 Clara,

两段爱情都无法挣脱母亲的阴影,

他在亲情、爱情之间不断撕裂挣扎。

小说深刻展现俄狄浦斯情结,

探讨工业环境对人的异化、

占有式母爱、情欲与精神爱恋的冲突,

是现代主义文学非常重要的心理小说。

英文原文

He had come back to his mother.

Hers was the strongest tie in his life.

When he thought round,

Miriam shrank away.

There was a vague, unreal feel about her.

And nobody else mattered.

There was one place in the world

that stood solid and did not melt into unreality:

the place where his mother was.

Everybody else could grow shadowy,

almost non-existent to him,

but she could not.

It was as if the pivot and pole of his life,

from which he could not escape,

was his mother.

And in the same way she waited for him.

In him was established her life now.

After all,

the life beyond offered very little to Mrs. Morel.

She saw that our chance for doing is here,

and doing counted with her.

Paul was going to prove that she had been right;

he was going to make a man

whom nothing should shift off his feet;

he was going to alter the face of the earth

in some way which mattered.

Wherever he went she felt her soul went with him.

Whatever he did she felt her soul stood by him,

ready, as it were,

to hand him his tools.

She could not bear it when he was with Miriam.

William was dead.

She would fight to keep Paul.

And he came back to her.

And in his soul was a feeling of the satisfaction of self‑sacrifice

because he was faithful to her.

She loved him for returning.

And he loved her because she held him.

This was the centre of his life.

Miriam was only a side thing,

a voice down the lane,

a light among the trees,

that presently went out.

He went out to the farm again.

He was not angry with Miriam.

He was gentle with her.

But he was remote.

She saw that he was slipping away from her.

Her love was a worship,

and he could not bear worship.

It made him feel small,

and he hated it.

He wanted to be himself,

not an idol to be adored.

He wanted simple, warm human contact,

not the endless spiritual tension

that Miriam always brought.

He knew he hurt her,

and that hurt him too.

But he could not give her what she wanted.

His deepest belonging was always to his mother.

Sometimes he hated the bond between them.

He wanted to be free,

to love a woman and belong to her wholly.

But when he tried,

he always felt guilty,

as if he betrayed his mother.

Mrs. Morel watched him closely,

and she suffered when she saw him drawn to another woman.

She did not speak harshly,

but her quiet sadness pulled him back.

She did not ask him to choose,

yet he always chose her in the end.

No other love could break the ancient,

powerful tie that held them together.

He tried his love with Clara,

a woman strong and alive,

full of bodily passion.

For a while,

he tasted freedom in her arms.

He felt the fire of physical love,

and thought he might escape his mother’s shadow.

But soon the same trouble returned.

When the passion faded a little,

he still turned homeward.

He could not pour his whole soul into Clara.

A part of him always stayed with Mrs. Morel.

Clara felt the division in him,

and she grew bitter and lonely.

She knew she could never win him completely.

His heart was rooted elsewhere.

译文

他回到了母亲身边。

她是他生命里最牢固的牵绊。

当他静下心回想,

米里亚姆的身影便渐渐淡去。

她身上有一种虚幻、不真切的感觉。

其他人都无关紧要。

这世上唯有一处地方,

稳固实在,不会消散成虚无:

那就是母亲所在的地方。

在他眼里,其他人都可以变得朦胧,

近乎不存在,

唯独母亲不会。

仿佛他生命的支点与轴心,

他永远无法逃离的,

就是他的母亲。

而她也同样在等候他。

如今,她全部的生命寄托都放在他身上。

说到底,

对莫瑞尔太太而言,

别处的生活几乎没有意义。

她认定人现世的价值在于行动,

有所作为对她至关重要。

保罗将要证明她一直以来的想法没有错;

他要长成一个顶天立地的男人,

任何事物都无法将他击倒;

他要以某种重要的方式,

改变这世间的模样。

无论他去往何方,她都觉得自己的灵魂与他同行。

无论他做什么,她都觉得自己的灵魂陪在他身旁,

仿佛随时准备,

为他递上前行的工具。

她无法忍受他和米里亚姆待在一起。

威廉已经死了。

她要拼尽全力留住保罗。

而他回到她身边。

他内心有一种自我牺牲式的满足,

因为他忠于母亲。

她因为他的归来而深爱他。

他也因为她的牵绊而爱着她。

这就是他生命的核心。

米里亚姆只是旁枝末节,

如同小路尽头的一声呼唤,

林间的一点微光,

转瞬便熄灭。

他又去到农场。

他没有生米里亚姆的气。

他待她温和。

但他内心疏离。

她察觉到他正在慢慢远离自己。

她的爱是一种膜拜,

而他承受不起这样的膜拜。

这让他感到渺小,

他十分厌恶这种感觉。

他想要做他自己,

而不是一尊被供奉的偶像。

他想要简单、温暖的人与人之间的相处,

而不是米里亚姆带来的、

永不停歇的精神紧绷。

他知道自己伤害了她,

这份认知也让他痛苦。

但他给不了她想要的爱。

他灵魂最深处的归宿,永远是母亲。

有时候他憎恨他们之间这份羁绊。

他渴望自由,

想要爱上一个女人,完完全全属于她。

可每当他尝试这么做,

他总会心生愧疚,

仿佛自己背叛了母亲。

莫瑞尔太太默默注视着他,

看见他被别的女人吸引时,她满心苦楚。

她不会说出刻薄的话,

可她安静的悲伤,总能把他拉回来。

她没有逼他做出选择,

但到最后,他永远选择她。

没有任何别的爱意,能够斩断这古老、

强大的联结,把他们紧紧绑在一起。

他又尝试和克拉拉相爱,

这个女人鲜活而热烈,

充满肉体的激情。

有一段时间,

他在她的怀抱里体会到自由。

他感受到情欲的烈火,

以为自己终于可以逃出母亲的阴影。

可很快,同样的困境再次降临。

激情稍稍褪去之后,

他依旧想要回家。

他无法把全部灵魂交付给克拉拉。

他的一部分,永远留在莫瑞尔太太那里。

克拉拉感受到他内心的分裂,

变得苦涩、孤寂。

她明白自己永远无法完全拥有他。

他的心,扎根在别处。

🔍长难句赏析与拆解

原句一

It was as if the pivot and pole of his life,

from which he could not escape,

was his mother.

句式解读

本句包含from which引导的非限制性定语从句,

修饰先行词the pivot and pole of his life。

as if引导表语从句,表达保罗内心的感受。

pivot and pole比喻生命的支点、轴心,

形象写出母子羁绊的压迫感,

点明保罗无法挣脱母亲精神掌控的核心困境。

从句插入在主语中间,

起到停顿、强调的效果,

凸显这份牵绊无法逃离。

句子主干

It was as if his mother was the pivot and pole of his life.

原句二

She saw that our chance for doing is here,

and doing counted with her.

句式解读

本句包含that引导的宾语从句,

承接主句动词saw。

count with sb 意为“对某人而言很重要”。

这句话写出莫瑞尔太太的人生信念:

人要在现世有所作为,

她把这份全部希望寄托在保罗身上,

也是她占有式母爱产生的根源。

句子简洁克制,藏着深沉而偏执的期待。

句子主干

She saw something, and doing counted with her.

📖全篇句式特点

文本是劳伦斯典型的心理描写段落,

大量使用长句描摹人物流动的内心活动,

穿插短句来收束情绪、点明结论。

多用定语从句、插入分隔结构,

贴合人物思绪飘忽、反复拉扯的心理状态。

没有激烈的外部动作冲突,

所有矛盾都藏在人物内心的挣扎之中。

一边是对爱情、独立自我的渴望,

一边是无法割舍、带着负罪感的母子依恋。

文字细腻含蓄,层层推进,

把潜意识里的情感冲突慢慢铺展开,

是小说心理现实主义写法的代表。

核心词汇

1. pivot

/ˈpɪvət/

支点,核心

名词(n.)

2. remote

/rɪˈməʊt/

疏远的,疏离的

形容词(adj.)

3. worship

/ˈwɜːʃɪp/

崇拜,敬仰

名词(n.)

4. betray

/bɪˈtreɪ/

背叛

动词(v.)

5. bond

/bɒnd/

纽带,羁绊

名词(n.)

6. passion

/ˈpæʃn/

激情,情欲

名词(n.)

7. division

/dɪˈvɪʒn/

分裂,割裂

名词(n.)

8. bitter

/ˈbɪtə(r)/

痛苦的,苦涩的

形容词(adj.)

📜文学赏析

这一段是全书心理冲突的核心片段。

保罗先后和米里亚姆、克拉拉相恋,

两段爱情分别对应精神之爱与肉体之爱,

却都走向失败。

根源就是莫瑞尔太太投射在他身上的、

过度的、占有式的母爱。

莫瑞尔太太在失败的婚姻里耗尽期待,

把儿子当成自己人生价值的寄托,

无意识地阻碍保罗建立属于自己的亲密关系。

保罗一边渴望独立、渴望完整的爱情,

一边又本能地依恋母亲,

伴随强烈的愧疚感。

劳伦斯没有直接评判谁对谁错,

只是冷静描摹这种纠缠扭曲的情感。

同时暗含工业矿区环境的底色:

压抑贫瘠的现实,

让莫瑞尔太太只能把全部精神寄托放在儿子身上。

💡主旨品读

这段文字集中展现小说核心主题:

畸形的母子羁绊如何吞噬年轻人的爱情与独立。

保罗困在两种爱之间左右撕裂:

他想要拥有属于自己的爱人,

想要成为独立完整的个体,

但是母亲是他生命的轴心,

这份牵绊沉重到难以挣脱。

小说借此探讨:

健康的亲情应当是放手,

而不是牢牢捆绑、占有对方的人生。

当亲情变成排他性的掌控,

它就会变成困住两代人的枷锁,

让爱变成一种伤害。

保罗的挣扎,

也是现代年轻人自我意识觉醒、

想要挣脱原生家庭精神束缚的缩影。

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