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Much Ado About Nothing《无事生非》节选

作者:William Shakespeare(威廉·莎士比亚)

首次出版:1600 年

首次收录于:首版四开本《Much adoe about Nothing》

出版背景:英国伦敦,以单行四开本形式刊印

收录说明:后收录于 1623 年《第一对开本》;创作约在 1598–1599 年

创作背景:

《无事生非》是莎士比亚经典四大喜剧之一。

故事发生在墨西拿,总督莱奥纳托的府邸。

唐·佩德罗带领军队凯旋归来,

随行的有克劳狄奥、培尼狄克,还有心怀恶意的唐·约翰。

故事包含两条主线:

克劳狄奥与希罗温柔浪漫的爱情线,

以及培尼狄克和贝特丽丝欢喜冤家的斗嘴线。

唐·约翰刻意造谣陷害希罗,制造误会,掀起一场巨大风波。

本剧不同于《仲夏夜之梦》的奇幻森林,

也没有《皆大欢喜》的田园乌托邦,

它扎根于城邦日常,依靠误会、流言、伪装推动剧情。

莎士比亚借这场由谣言催生的风波告诉读者:

很多纷争,都是凭空捏造、捕风捉影而来。

剧本语言风趣犀利,贝特丽丝与培尼狄克的唇枪舌剑是全剧亮点,

充满机智幽默,在嬉笑吵闹之中,慢慢滋生真心。

下面节选培尼狄克、贝特丽丝等人斗嘴,众人计划撮合二人的段落。

英文原文

LEONATO.

Well, niece, I hope to see you one day fitted with a husband.

BEATRICE.

Not till God make men of some other metal than earth.

Would it not grieve a woman to be overmastered with a piece of valiant dust?

To make an account of her life to a clod of wayward marl?

No, uncle, I’ll none.

Adam’s sons are my brethren, and, truly,

I hold it a sin to match in my kindred.

LEONATO.

Daughter, remember what I told you.

If the prince do solicit you in that kind,

you know your answer.

BEATRICE.

The fault will be in the music, cousin,

if you be not wooed in good time.

If the prince be too important,

tell him there is measure in everything,

and so dance out the answer.

For, hear me, Hero:

wooing, wedding, and repenting, is as a Scotch jig,

a measure, and a cinque pace.

The first suit is hot and hasty, like a Scotch jig,

and full as fantastical;

the wedding, mannerly-modest, as a measure,

full of state and ancientry;

and then comes repentance, and, with his bad legs,

falls into the cinque pace faster and faster,

till he sink into his grave.

HERO.

Cousin, you speak too sharp.

BEATRICE.

I am done.

I will not be sworn but love may transform me to an oyster;

but I’ll take my oath on it, till he have made an oyster of me,

he shall never make me such a fool.

One thing is certain, and therefore let all women take heed:

they that have no wisdom, no strength, no art,

no patience, shall be ruled by their husbands.

BENEDICK.

I do wonder, that a man can see so far, and yet be so blind.

I have sworn never to marry.

I will not be shackled by a wife.

I will not have my head turned by a woman’s tongue,

nor my freedom sold for a pair of bright eyes.

What is a woman,

but a creature full of quick words and shifting moods?

I can laugh at their wit, talk with them, feast with them,

but to bind my whole life to one?

I would rather live alone, eat and drink at my own will,

come and go as I please, answer to no one.

Let Claudio dream of soft vows and bridal flowers;

let him yield his heart to Hero.

I stand apart.

No woman shall bring me to kneel.

DON PEDRO.

Benedick, thou art too stubborn.

There is no joy in endless solitude.

A single life is a barren life.

BENEDICK.

Why, my lord, I have my books, my sport, my friends.

I have freedom, which is sweeter than honey.

DON PEDRO.

Thou thinkest so now, but time will change thee.

Some day thou shalt meet a woman that shall tame thy wild spirit.

LEONATO.

My lord, we have a plot.

We will speak of Beatrice, and praise her to Benedick,

and tell him how deeply she loves him,

and how she hides her love out of pride and fear of mockery.

DON PEDRO.

And we will tell Beatrice, in her turn,

that Benedick is consumed with love for her,

and dares not speak, for fear of her sharp scorn.

HERO.

It is a gentle trick, to make two proud hearts yield to love.

They hate each other now, and rail at one another at every meeting.

But pride is their only wall.

If we break it down, their hidden affection may spring forth.

BENEDICK.

(Aside)

Can this be true?

Can Beatrice, who scorns all suitors, who mocks every soft word,

have set her heart on me?

I thought her hate was fixed.

I thought she cared for nothing but her own sharp wit.

If she loves me, then I must cast aside my oath.

I was a fool to swear against love.

A man that fights against his own heart fights against the whole world.

译文

莱奥纳托:

好了,侄女,我盼着有一天能看见你觅得一位夫君。

贝特丽丝:

除非上帝造出不是泥土捏成的男人。

女人要被一块勇猛的尘土管束,难道不难过吗?

要向一块任性的泥疙瘩交代自己的一生?

不,叔叔,我不要。

亚当的子孙都是我的同族,说实话,和同族婚配,在我看来是一桩罪过。

莱奥纳托:

孩子,记住我对你说过的话。

要是亲王向你求爱,你该知道怎么答复。

贝特丽丝:

妹妹,要是没人及时向你求婚,那就是乐曲出了差错。

倘若亲王太过急切,你就告诉他万事皆有分寸,伴着舞步委婉回绝。

听我说,希罗:

求爱、成婚、悔婚,就像苏格兰快步舞、庄重慢舞、五步舞。

求爱热烈仓促,如同苏格兰快步舞,满是幻想;

成婚端庄得体,如同慢舞,充满仪式与古雅;

再然后就是悔意,腿脚不利索,越跳越快,直到跌进坟墓。

希罗:

表姐,你的言辞太过尖锐。

贝特丽丝:

我说完了。

我不敢发誓说爱情不会把我变成一只牡蛎;

但我敢发誓,在他把我变成牡蛎之前,休想把我变成傻子。

有一件事确定无疑,所有女子都该留心:

没有智慧、力量、手段、耐心的女人,终究会被丈夫支配。

培尼狄克:

我真奇怪,人看得那么远,却又如此盲目。

我发誓永不结婚。

我不愿被妻子束缚。

我不愿被女人的口舌左右,不愿为一双明亮眼眸卖掉自由。

女人是什么?不过是伶牙俐齿、情绪多变的生灵。

我可以欣赏她们的聪慧,和她们闲谈、宴饮,

但要把我的一生捆绑在一个人身上?

我宁愿独自生活,吃喝随心,来去自由,不必向任何人交代。

让克劳狄奥去憧憬温柔誓言与新娘的鲜花吧;

让他把心交给希罗。

我置身事外。

没有女人能让我屈膝。

唐·佩德罗:

培尼狄克,你太过固执。

长久独处,毫无乐趣可言。

独身的人生是荒芜的。

培尼狄克:

亲王大人,我有书籍、消遣、友人。

我拥有自由,比蜜糖还要甘甜。

唐·佩德罗:

你现在这么想,但时光会改变你。

总有一天,你会遇见一个女子,驯服你桀骜的性子。

莱奥纳托:

亲王,我们有一个计策。

我们在培尼狄克面前夸赞贝特丽丝,

告诉他贝特丽丝深爱他,

只因骄傲、害怕被取笑,才把心意藏起来。

唐·佩德罗:

我们也转头告诉贝特丽丝,

培尼狄克为她相思成疾,

只是害怕她刻薄嘲讽,不敢开口。

希罗:

这是一场温柔的计谋,让两颗骄傲的心向爱情屈服。

他们如今互相嫌弃,每次碰面都唇枪舌剑。

骄傲是他们之间唯一的墙。

只要推倒这堵墙,藏在心底的情意或许就会萌发。

培尼狄克:

(旁白)

这会是真的吗?

贝特丽丝,那个拒绝所有追求者、嘲笑一切温柔情话的人,

竟然倾心于我?

我原以为她满心都是厌弃。

我以为她只在乎自己犀利的口才。

倘若她爱我,那我必须背弃誓言。

发誓抗拒爱情,是我太傻。

一个对抗本心的人,等于对抗整个世界。

🔍长难句赏析与拆解

原句一

If the prince be too important,

tell him there is measure in everything,

and so dance out the answer.

句式解读

本句是if引导条件状语从句,

从句使用虚拟式be,属于古英语语法;

主句是祈使句,内含宾语从句。

贝特丽丝用跳舞比喻求爱,语言俏皮,贴合她机敏爱打趣的性格。

句子主干

Tell him there is measure in everything.

原句二

wooing, wedding, and repenting,

is as a Scotch jig, a measure, and a cinque pace.

句式解读

三个动名词并列作主语,把人生婚恋三阶段对应三种舞蹈,

是本剧经典比喻,排比工整,充满戏谑感。

句子主干

Wooing, wedding, and repenting is as dances.

原句三

I will not be shackled by a wife.

I will not have my head turned by a woman’s tongue,

nor my freedom sold for a pair of bright eyes.

句式解读

两句被动语态并列,nor连接并列否定结构,

强化培尼狄克抗拒婚姻、珍视自由的态度。

句子主干

I will not be shackled;

I will not have my head turned nor freedom sold.

📖全篇句式特点

文本保留莎士比亚无韵诗与散文对白混合的风格。

贝特丽丝台词短促锋利,比喻层出不穷;

培尼狄克的独白直白坚定,反复强调独身主张。

多用祈使句、条件状语从句、被动句。

对话一来一回,节奏轻快,喜剧感很强。

先写二人对婚姻的抗拒,再引出众人撮合的计谋,埋下误会的伏笔,

为后续流言风波、两人情感转变做好铺垫,适合学习人物对话、比喻修辞。

核心词汇

1. metal

/ˈmetl/

材质,本性

名词(n.)

2. wayward

/ˈweɪwəd/

任性的,执拗的

形容词(adj.)

3. fantastical

/fænˈtæstɪkl/

虚幻的,空想的

形容词(adj.)

4. barren

/ˈbærən/

荒芜的,无结果的

形容词(adj.)

5. shackle

/ˈʃækl/

束缚,桎梏

动词(v.)

6. scorn

/skɔːn/

轻蔑,嘲讽

名词(n.)

7. rail

/reɪl/

斥责,挖苦

动词(v.)

8. consume

/kənˈsjuːm/

耗尽,使痴迷

动词(v.)

9. suitor

/ˈsjuːtə(r)/

追求者,求婚者

名词(n.)

10. mockery

/ˈmɒkəri/

嘲笑,嘲弄

名词(n.)

📜文学赏析

《无事生非》是莎士比亚四大喜剧里最生活化、充满市井趣味的一部。

选文的核心亮点是贝特丽丝与培尼狄克这一对“欢喜冤家”。

不同于一见钟情的浪漫,他们一见面就互相挖苦,嘴上极力排斥爱情与婚姻。

两人都极度骄傲,依靠尖锐的言辞保护自己,不肯流露柔软。

作者安排亲王、莱奥纳托、希罗设下善意的圈套,用谎言撬动他们的骄傲。

这里的谎言不是恶意害人,而是温柔的催化剂。

同时剧本也提前铺垫:流言既能促成良缘,也能制造毁灭。

后文唐·约翰的恶意造谣,正是同一种“传话”模式走向黑暗面。

作者借两组对照,探讨流言的力量:话语可以成全,也可以摧毁。

全剧的喜剧内核,不是凭空的笑料,而是骄傲的人放下防备、学会爱人的过程。

💡主旨品读

选文告诉我们,很多隔阂与敌意,

只是骄傲伪装出来的外壳。

贝特丽丝和培尼狄克嘴上厌恶爱情,

心底并非没有爱人的能力。

所谓“无事生非”,

一层意思是:

很多争吵、误会、风波,都来自旁人的传话、捕风捉影;

另一层意思是:

看似针锋相对的两个人,

也能在一场巧妙的风波里生出爱意。

剧本赞美真实、平等的爱情,这种爱情建立在思想交锋、

趣味相投之上,而不是一味顺从。

它提醒读者,不要被表面的敌意蒙蔽,

也要警惕流言的力量,分清善意的玩笑和恶毒的构陷。

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